不同有机物覆盖对兔眼蓝莓土壤理化性质的影响

以5年生兔眼蓝莓“芭尔德温”为试验材料，以粉碎的稻草（T1）、杂草（T2）、松针（T3）、锯末（T4）和玉米秸秆（T5）为覆盖材料，通过大田覆盖试验，研究不同有机覆盖物对兔眼蓝莓土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:地面覆盖有机物可使表层土壤温度变化幅度明显减小，维持土壤含水量，T4维温持水效果最好，T5次之；覆盖前后有机质增幅最高达46.2%，各处理增幅大小顺序为:T5>T1>T4>T2>T3>CK，土壤容重降低14%；覆盖提高了土壤中养分含量，土壤水解氮含量最大值达40.27 mg·kg^-1，各处理增加值大小依次为T5>T1>T2>T3>T4>CK，土壤有机磷和速效钾分别比覆盖前增幅最大值达75.8%和58.8%。综合考虑，T5为5种材料中最适合蓝莓的覆盖材料。

Effects of Different Organic Matter Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Rabbiteye Blueberry

Effects of organic matter mulching on soil physicochemical properties of Vaccinium ashei “Baldwin” (5 years old) were examined by using different covering materials,such as straw (T1),orchard weeds (T2),pine needles (T3),sawdust (T4) and the crushed corn straw (T5).The experiment was conducted in Majiang County,Guizhou Province.The results showed that organic matter mulching could reduce the amplitude of temperature variation,maintain soil moisture.T4 was the best material to maintain soil temperature and moisture,followed by T5.Soil organic matter increased after mulching with the maximum increment of 46.2%.The increment among different treatments was in the order of T5>T1>T4>T2>T3>control.The mulching also decreased soil bulk density (14% at most).The organic mulching improved the contents of soil nutrients,the maximum amount of hydrolyzable nitrogen content in soil was 40.27 mg·kg^-1,and among different treatments,it was in the order of T5>T1>T2>T3>T4>control.The mulching improved the soil organic P and available K,increased by 75.8% and 58.8% maximally.Comprehensively,straw (T5) was the best organic matter for mulching.