北京市居民小区景观林林内景观质量评价研究

为了探究居民小区景观林林内景观质量的影响机理，为居民小区景观林的建设提供科学依据，以北京市内14个居民小区为研究样地，以150个林内景观为研究对象，根据影响林内景观质量的平均胸径、林下灌草覆盖度等17个指标构建景观林林内景观质量特征指数，建立林内景观美景度评价模型。结果表明，居民小区景观林林内景观质量主要取决于林木个体大小指数、景观色彩指数、景观垂直结构指数、景观近自然指数、林木个体空间指数和景观林木密度指数等林内景观特征指数。清晰的树木冠形和干形、整齐的林相、强烈的林分色彩对比、高比例的多季相树种和较高的林分自然程度均有利于提升林内景观质量。以林内景观美景度为因变量，林内景观特征指数为自变量建立美景度与林内景观质量指数间的二次多项式模型，模型拟合度较好，适用于居民小区四季景观林林内景观质量评价。科学地营建高质量的居民小区景观林过程中，应注重彩色植物和多季相树种的使用。增加景观林的层次丰富性，通过控制密度和树种组成营建近自然的林分是建设高质量居民小区景观林。

Assessment on In-forest Quality of Landscape Forest in Residential Area in Beijing

One hundred and fifty plots of in-forest landscapes within 14 residential communities in Beijing were investigated in order to explore the influencing mechanism of in-forest landscape quality of residential community,and to provide scientific basis for landscape forest establishment.An evaluation model for in-forest scenic beauty values was constructed on the basis of 17 indicators,such as average diameter at breast height and coverage of undergrowth shrubs.The results demonstrated that the quality of in-forest landscape in residential area mainly depended on the individual size index,the color index and other characteristic indices of in-forest landscape.Distinguishable outline of tree canopy and trunk,regular forest appearance,strong forest color contrast,high proportion in multi-seasonal change tree species and high degree of forest naturalization were beneficial to improving the quality of in-forest landscape.The quadratic polynomial model was constructed in which the in-forest landscape characteristic indexes were independent variables and scenic beauty values of in-forest landscapes were dependent values.Choosing tree species with colorful and multi-seasonal change characteristics by modulating spatial configuration,increasing close-to-nature degree of landscape forest by modulating stock density and tree species component were key techniques for establishing high quality landscape forest scientifically in residential areas.