施肥对硬头黄竹林地上部分生物量结构的影响

以赣县3种不同施肥处理及不施肥对照的硬头黄竹林为研究对象，调查和测定其单丛分株数、立竹年龄结构和生物量，研究施肥对硬头黄竹地上部分生物量结构的影响。结果表明，施肥能有效地提高硬头黄竹林的立竹数量和地上部分群体生物量。与对照相比，矿渣肥、毛竹专用肥和复合肥处理立竹数分别增加了26.33、20.50株·丛^-1和8.5株·丛^-1，地上生物量分别增加了109.24、22.92 g·株^-1和162.63 g·株^-1；不同处理单丛生物量表现为矿渣肥>毛竹专用肥>复合肥>CK。矿渣肥肥效时间较长，1 a竹所占比例比CK提高了5.31%，而毛竹专用肥和复合肥对竹林年龄组成的调节作用较弱。复合肥处理分别对3 a秆、2 a枝和1 a叶生物量提高的作用最强，矿渣肥分别对2 a秆和3 a枝、叶生物量提高的作用最强。地上生物量在不同施肥处理、不同年龄和不同构件间差异均显著（P<0.05）。随着年龄和竹高的增加，秆生物量的增加速率最大，其次分别为叶和枝。硬头黄竹地上部分的生物量中，秆生物量占的比例最大，叶的生物量次之，略大于枝生物量所占比例。因此，在硬头黄竹林的经营管理中，除了进行施肥外，还应合理采伐，使竹林保持合理密度。

Effects of Fertilization on Above-ground Biomass Structure of Bambusa rigida

Taking Bambusa rigida forests in Ganxian,Jiangxi Province,which were under different fertilization treatments as the research object,effects of fertilization on above-ground biomass structure were investigated by examining the indices such as stand density per clump,age structure and aboveground biomass.The results indicated that fertilization in bamboo forests could improve the stand density and above-ground biomass compared to non-fertilization (control).The increase of stand densities per clump under slag fertilizer,special fertilizer and complex fertilizer were 26.33,20.50,and 8.5,respectively,while of the corresponding values of average above-ground biomass were 109.24,522.92 g·plant^-1 and 162.63 g·plant^-1,respectively.The biomass of per clump showed the trend as slag fertilizer>special fertilizer>complex fertilizer>control.Compared to the control,the proportion of 1 a bamboo increased by 5.31% under slag fertilizer,but the influences of other two fertilizers on age structure were weak.Complex fertilizer increased culm biomass of 3 a,branch biomass of 2 a and leaf biomass of 1 a mostly,slag fertilizer increased culm biomass of 2 a,branch and leaf biomass of 3 a more than other fertilizers.The differences of above-ground biomass among different treatments,different ages and different modularity were significant (P<0.05).With the increase of age and height,the maximum increase rate of biomass was culm,followed by leaf and branch.Therefore,in Bambusa rigida forest management,besides fertilization,reasonable harvesting was necessary for maintaining a reasonable density of bamboo forests.