陕西关中主要城市观花树种花的观赏性状分析

基于物候观察，分别从花型、花色和花期3个性状各对应的类型种类、树种数量和主要分布3方面系统研究了关中地区城市观花树种花的观赏性状。结果表明，共8种花型中，单（簇）、伞形花序和圆锥花序为主体；红、黄、白、紫4种花色色系各占总数量的25.0%、22.9%、41.2%和10.9%，且各色系开花数量及比例随时间变化；观花树种开花数量在年内随着时间的推移先增加后减少，开花时期主要集中在3-6月；虽然各花型、花色和花期对应的树种分布于科的范围较广泛，但主要分布所在科的种类及对应种的数量一定。此外，鉴于观赏的特殊性，特别提出来了先花后叶和花期较长的观花树种以供选用。为城市绿化中合理选用绿化树种提供借鉴，从而避免选择的盲目性和单一性。

Flower Ornamental Characters of the Flowering Tree Species in the Major Cities in Central Shaanxi

Based on the observation of plant phenology,flower ornamental characters of the flowering tree species occurring in Guanzhong (Central Shaanxi) were discussed from the aspects of inflorescence,color and florescence,respectively,corresponding to tree types,numbers and the resources.The results indicated among 8 flowering patterns,dominant ones were single (cluster) flower,umbrella-type and panicle inflorescence.Four colors,namely red,yellow,white and purple,accounted for 25.0%，22.9%，41.2%,and 10.9%,respectively,and the number and proportion of flowering within each color system varied with time.The number of flowering trees experienced a decrease trend after increasing within the period of a whole year,during which the main florescence was from March to June.Importantly,even though the tree species corresponding to inflorescence,color and florescence were dispersed,the main sources were certain.Moreover,owing to the ornamental specialties,species with long flowering periods and those with ornamental foliage after flowering were also suggested.The results would provide a reasonable reference of tree species selection to avoid blindness and monotonicity.