黄帝陵古侧柏花粉生活力及其保存方法的研究

以黄帝陵千年古侧柏花粉为试验材料，用离体萌发法测定花粉的生活力，研究不同保存方法对花粉萌发率的影响，探讨花粉含水量、投入方式、化冻方式对超低温保存效果的影响。结果表明:古侧柏花粉在9%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸的培养基中离体培养4 d萌发率最高。90 d内，随着保存时间的延长，室温（20℃）保存的花粉迅速失活，低温（0℃、-20℃）保存的花粉萌发率呈逐渐下降趋势，超低温（-196℃）保存的花粉萌发率最高且保持效果最好，为古侧柏花粉长期保存的适宜方法。在超低温保存中，花粉以未经干燥、直接投入液氮、37℃恒温水浴化冻5 min保存效果最好；花粉含水量、投入方式、化冻方式之间交互效应显著。

Viability and Storage Methods of Ancient Platycladus orientalis Pollen in Huangdi Mausoleum

The pollen viability of ancient Platycladus orientalis in Huangdi Mausoleum were tested by in vitro culture method to study the effect of different storage methods on pollen germination and to explore the effect of pollen water content,input and thawing method on the pollen cryopreservation method.The results showed that the pollen germination rate reached the highest after cultured 4 days on the culture medium supplemented with 9% sucrose and 0.01% boric acid.In 90 days,with the extension of storage time,the pollen stored at 20 ℃ lost its viability quickly,0℃ and -20℃ could protect the viability of pollen but showed a downward trend overall,cryopreservation had the highest pollen germination rate and kept the best which was the optimal way to achieve the long-term preservation of the ancient P.orientalis pollen.In cryopreservation,pollen without drying was directly put into the liquid nitrogen,thawing at 37℃ water to achieve the best storage effect.The interaction effect between pollen water content,input and thawing method was significant.