三种不同林分的保护水土功能分析

以系统生态学原理，探讨了湖南省邵东县红壤上3种不同类型水土保持林的保护水土功能。结果表明:每公顷水土保持林的植被层的持水能力是相同面积的荒坡地的植被层持水能力的7.55~7.93倍；20 cm深土壤非毛管孔隙度比荒坡地多23.53%~43.82%，总孔隙度大17.20%~25.27%；20 cm深土层土壤含水率比荒坡地高10.55%~15.60%；土壤毛管持水量是荒坡地1.11~1.21倍；荒坡地最大持水量只有水土保持林的82.83%~92.69%；水土保持林地表径流系数只有荒坡地的51.49%~59.41%，土壤侵蚀模数比荒坡地减少了33.78%~46.35%；水土保持林都具有较好的水土保持功能，相互比较，阔叶树种混交林的水土保持功能优于针阔混交林。

Analysis on Soil and Water Protection Functions of Three Types of Stands

The principles of ecology system, the protection of soil and water features on red soil in three different types of soil and water conservation forests in Shaodong, Hu’nan were studied. The results showed that the water holding capacities of three kinds of soil and water conservation forest plants were 7.55~7.93 times of those of the same area. The non-capillary porosities in 20 cm deep soil of the stands were 23.53%~43.82% higher than that in the wasteland,which accounted for 17.20%~25.27% more grand total porosity in stands than that in wasteland. The natural soil moisture in 20 cm deep soil in the stands ranged from 24.1% to 25.2%,which was 10.55%~15.60% higher than that in wasteland. The soil capillary water was 1.11~1.21 times more than that in the wasteland. The maximum water holding capacity in the wasteland was 82.83%~92.69% of that in soil and water conservation of forests,and soil erosion modulus in the soil and water conservation forest decreased by 33.78%~46.35% compared to that in the wasteland. Soil and water conservation forest has the significant soil and water conservation function, and the soil and water conservation features in the mixed forest of broad-leaved species were greater than that in the coniferous broad-leaved species mixed forest.