冻融坡面土壤剥蚀率主要影响因素分析

为确定冻融坡面影响土壤剥蚀率的主要因素，采用2个（10°，15°）坡度、2个（3 L/min，9 L/min）流量和4个（2 cm，5 cm，8 cm，11 cm）起始解冻深度组合进行野外冲刷试验，运用灰色关联分析、模糊贴近度分析和通径分析方法，分别分析了各因素对土壤剥蚀率的影响作用。结果表明:流量与土壤剥蚀率的灰色关联度最大，坡度次之；水流功率与土壤剥蚀率的模糊贴近度最大，流量、起始解冻深度的模糊贴近度均大于坡度；水流功率对土壤剥蚀率的决定作用最大，起始解冻深度次之，水流剪切力通过其他因素对土壤剥蚀率的间接作用最大；三种方法分析结果表明水流功率、流量、起始解冻深度、坡度是影响土壤剥蚀率的主要因素。

The Main Factors Affecting the Soil Detachment Rate on Freeze-Thaw Slopes

In order to determine the main factors that affect the soil detachment rate under the freeze-thaw slopes, three factors including slopes (10°, 15°), flows (3 L/min,9 L/min) and original thaw depths (2 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm, 11 cm) which were combined to operate the field scouring test, three approaches (grey correlation analysis, nearness degrees analysis, path analysis) had been taken into account to analyze the effects of these factors on the soil detachment rate separately. The results showed that among the grey relational degree between these factors and the soil detachment rate, flow occupied the first place, followed by slope; among the fuzzy nearness degrees between these factors and the soil detachment rate, stream power occupied the first place, followed by both the flow and the original thaw depth being higher than slope; stream power played the crucial role in determining the soil detachment rate, followed by the original thaw depth and the flow sheer stress exerted the most considerable effect indirectly on the soil detachment rate through other factors. Conclusion that came from the analyses of three approaches showed that stream power, flow, the thaw depth and slope were the main factors influencing the soil detachment rate.