嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系

基于2013—2015年对嘉陵江流域中游（四川段）不同植被类型（混交林、草甸、针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛和裸地）多样性和土壤生境的调查分析数据，采用相关分析法和群落排序法研究不同植被类型土壤养分和酶活性分布特征及其与植被多样性之间的关系。结果表明:嘉陵江流域不同植被多样性指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数和植被盖度基本表现为乔木林>灌木林>草甸>裸地，裸地显著低于其他植被类型（p < 0.05）。嘉陵江流域除了裸地和灌丛，其他植被类型土壤pH值均显酸性，pH值与土壤容重变化趋势相一致，基本表现为:裸地>灌木林>乔木林>草甸，裸地显著高于其他植被类型（p < 0.05）。嘉陵江流域土壤养分、有效养分含量和酶活性基本表现为乔木林>灌木林>草甸>裸地，裸地显著低于其他植被类型（p < 0.05）。相关性分析表明:植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性密切相关，是造成不同植被类型土壤养分差异的重要原因，土壤养分和酶活性在一定程度上决定了植被丰富度和多样性指数，土壤理化性质在一定程度上决定了植被优势度指数，而土壤全碳和全氮在一定程度上决定了植被盖度。冗余分析结果显示丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和植被盖度之间均呈正相关，与土壤养分和酶活性呈正相关，与pH值和土壤容重呈负相关，这与相关分析的结果相一致。

Relationships Between Soil Nutrients,Soil Enzyme Activity and Plant Diversity of Different Types of in Jialing River Basin,Sichuan

We present a comprehensive analysis of soil nutrients of different types of plant diversity in Jialing River Basin from 2013 to 2015, based on the plant diversity and soil habitat, the relationships between the plant diversity and soil nutrients has been studied by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The results are as follows. (1) The plant diversity index, richness index, dominance index and coverage showed the order:arbor > shrub > meadow > bare land, and bare land was significantly lower than other plant types (p < 0.05). (2) The soil bulk density and pH value had the same variation trend which showed the sequence:bare land > meadow > shrub > arbor, and soils of different plant types were acidic except shrub and bare land. (3) The soil nutrients, available nutrients and soil enzyme activity showed the order:arbor > shrub > meadow > bare land, and bare land was significantly lower than other plant types (p < 0.05). (4) Correlation analysis showed that the plant diversity had a significantly positive correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activity, which was the important cause of different plant types of soil nutrient. Soil nutrients and enzyme activity determined the plant richness and diversity to a certain extent, and soil physical and chemical properties determined the plant dominance, while soil total carbon and total nitrogen determined the plant coverage to a certain extent in this study. (5) Redundancy analysis indicated that there was the positive correlation between plant coverage, richness index, diversity index and dominance index, also had a positive correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activity, while had a negative correlation with pH value and soil bulk density which was the same as the above results.