铁观音施肥效应的研究

铁观音为茶中佳品，研究并提出其优化施肥配方，提供生产应用，提高生产效益，意义重大。本研究采用4因素3水平正交设计方法，探讨不同有机肥与无机肥配施组合对铁观音的影响效应，结果表明：有机无机肥合理配施，不仅能促进铁观音茶树的速生快长，提高茶叶产量，而且能改善成茶品质，提高茶园土壤肥力；不施肥效果最差；产量与品质兼优的施肥组合为N3P1K3RC2或N2P1K2RC3。不同茶龄阶段，N、P、K、RC对茶树生长及茶叶产量品质形成所起的作用不同。幼龄茶树K是茎粗增长的肥料主效因子；成龄茶树，肥料对产量的效应以N为大，其次为K；K是成茶品质的肥料主效因子，其次为RC。不同施肥处理对成茶主要生化成分含量和比例影响不同，从而引起品质上的差异。水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚、还原糖、醚浸出物、儿茶素与品质的关联度依次为0．7799、0．7268、0．6651、0．6589、0．6151和0．5783。

Effect of fertilization on yield and quality of Tieguanyin

Tieguanyin is one of the best Oolong tea. The study on fertilization efficiency of Tieguanyinis favorable to improve it's productivity. A orthogonality treatment of 4 factors with 3 levels was tested to figure out the effects of different fertilizer formulas on yield and quality of Tieguanyin.The results showed that the best treatment is the N3P1K3RC2 or N2P1K2RC3. Treated with suitable organic and inorganic fertilizers, tea plant of Tieguanyin grew rapidly, and gave high yield and quality, and the soil fertility also was improved. The effect of N, P, K and RC on the growth and yield of plants was different according to the age of the plants. K was the main factor to affecting the stem growth of young plant. N and K affected the yields of manure plant. K and RC were the main factors affecting the quality of tea. Different fertilizer treatments influenced the concentration and proportion of chemical compositions in tea, and resulted in changes of teaquality. The correlation coefficient of water soluble solids, caffeine, tea polyphenols, reductive sugars, and catchins with tea quality was 0.7799, 0.7268, 0.6651, 0.6589, 0.6151 and 0.5783.respectively.