石竹雄性不育系小孢子形成过程的细胞学观察

 【目的】研究石竹不育系与可育系小孢子形成过程的异同。【方法】利用压片及石蜡切片等方法观察石竹雄性不育系与可育系小孢子发育过程。该不育系（H-37B）是通过在石竹自交6代的自交系中发现的1株雄性不育株与可育株经过连续杂交和2代回交获得的不育系（H-37B）。【结果】可育系小孢子发育经历了造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、四分体等时期，最后发育成花粉。不育系败育现象在造孢细胞增殖期、小孢子母细胞减数分裂期以及四分体至单核期都有发生。石竹可育花粉外形饱满，圆形，生活力强；而不育花粉外形空瘪，不规则，无生活力。【结论】绒毡层的异常发育是导致小孢子败育的主要原因。

Cytological Observation of Microsporogenesis in Male-Sterile Lines of Chinese Pink(Dianthus chinensis L.)

【Objective】In order to study the difference of microsporogenesis between the male-sterile line and fertile line of Chinese pink. 【Method】The microsporogenesis of male sterile and fertile lines in Chinese pink was histologically examined using squashed pollen and paraffin embedded sections. The stable male-sterile line (H-37B) was obtained from one 6 generation inbred lines crossed for several rounds and 2 generations’ backcross. 【Result】Results showed that mature pollen was developed through the stage of the initiation of the sporogenous cell, microsporocyte, and tetrad period, microspore formation and eventually developed into normal pollen. Compared with fertile pollens, the inhibition of microsporogenesis of male sterility occurred at the tetrad stage to uninucleate stage. And the irregular triangle contour and hollow interior of tetrad-microspore were observed. In uninuclear stage, the tapetum layer cells retained in the home position and expanded and crimpy microspore stopped development. There were less pollen and almost all the pollens were empty and lack of vitality. 【Conclusion】This male-sterile line inherits stably and will be a useful material for breeding.