麦类作物赤霉病抗性离体筛选的原理与方法

赤霉病（Fusarium head blight）是麦类作物最主要的世界性病害，在湿热的流行年份不仅减产严重，而且受过赤霉病菌毒素污染的籽粒对人类和畜禽有害，严重影响籽粒的品质。目前对赤霉病尚缺乏有效的化学和生物防治技术，最好的防治途径仍然是对抗性或耐性基因型的选育。但在赤霉病抗性选择的各种技术上，还有许多问题有待研究解决。本文以小麦为重点，介绍了赤霉病抗性离体筛选技术体系等方面的研究进展，包括毒素抗性和田间实际抗性的相关性、适宜的毒素筛选浓度、植物组织对毒素的差异反应、菌株与作物品种的互作，并讨论了抗性选择中应注意的有关问题。

In Vitro Selection for the Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight on Cereals

Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, caused by Fusarium spp., was the most serious disease worldwide in cereals, i.e. wheat, rye, triticale, barley, etc. Especially, high temperatures and high relative humidity during anthesis and kernel-filling stages could lead to severe yield losses. Additionally, grain quality of the harvested cereals was greatly reduced by mycotoxins, which were harmful to human and livestock health. Despite the importance of the disease, fungicidal and biological control methods were limited. The best way for elimination was cultivar resistant or at least tolerant to Fusarium. However, the improvement of resistance to FHB was still an unsolved task today, and many questions remained unclear. This review was confined to techniques for selecting in vitro the resistance to FHB of cereals, including the relationship between resistance to mycotoxin and real resistance level in field to Fusarium head blight, suitable toxin concentration for selecting resistance genotypes, different reaction of various tissues to the mycotoxin, interaction between Fusarium isolate and genotype of crops. The majority of reports of FHB were on wheat. Some issues were discussed.