Assessment of resonance wood quality by comparing its physical and histological properties |
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Authors: | Melanie Spycher Francis W M R Schwarze René Steiger |
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Institution: | (1) Section of Wood Protection and Biotechnology, Wood Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St-Gallen, Switzerland;(2) Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs University-Freiburg, Bertoldstrasse 17, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;(3) Section of Timber Engineering, Wood Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | The quality of wood used for music instrument making (resonance wood) is determined by assessing six physical properties:
density, modulus of elasticity, sound velocity, radiation ratio, emission ratio, and loudness index. This can easily be done
by means of measurements of the resonance frequency and the corresponding damping factor. The method described here is based
on vibrational analyses, adapted from standard non-destructive testing of solid material, so as to provide information both
for scientific studies and for violin making. The above six properties were assessed in samples of resonance wood of different
quality and in normal (control) wood of Norway spruce and sycamore. The differences observed between the samples correlated
with anatomical or histological characteristics of the wood. A sample of best-quality Norway spruce resonance wood showed
a high radiation ratio in the axial direction, which correlated with the presence of small wood cells with thin cell walls.
In “curly maple”, a high sound velocity in the radial direction correlated with the presence of broad xylem rays. The influence
of external factors like wood moisture content or the geometry of the system is discussed within the context of the present
study. |
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