单行木薯块根收获机仿生铲的设计与试验

针对目前木薯块根收获机挖掘铲存在入土困难、碎土及排土效果不理想及工作强度不足等问题,基于工程仿生学理论,结合动力学知识,提出并设计了一种模仿犬爪趾形状的仿生铲。基于Design-Expert软件中的试验设计方法,以作业速度、土壤含水率及挖掘铲类型为试验因素,以挖薯率、伤薯率为试验指标,对挖掘铲的工作参数进行试验研究,建立了影响因素与响应指标之间的二次正交回归模型,并分析了各影响因素对各响应指标的影响规律。对所有影响因素进行了综合优化处理,确定了最佳的田间工作参数组合为:当选用仿生铲作业速度为1.5m/s、土壤含水率为17%时,整个机具的收获效果达到最佳,挖薯率高达96.1%,伤薯率低至2.48%,满足木薯块根收获的作业要求。以经过前期处理的木薯植株为试验对象进行田间试验验证,得到实际的挖薯率为95.7%,伤薯率为2.57%,相比于软件分析值(96.1%、2.48%)分别下降0.42%、上升3.50%,验证了软件分析的准确性。研究数据可为木薯块根机械化收获提供参考,对木薯块根的挖掘作业具有重要意义。

Design and Experiment of Bionic Shovel for Single Row Cassava Root Harvester

Aiming at the problems of the difficulty in penetrating soil,the unsatisfactory effect of breaking soil and eliminating soil and the lack of work intensity,a excavation shovel was put forward and designed of the cassava root harvester basing on the principle of bionics and combining with the knowledge of dynamics.Basing on the experimental design method in Design-Expert software,the working speed,soil moisture content and digging shovel type were taken as experimental factors,and the working parameters of excavating shovel were experimentally studied by using the rate of digging potato and the rate of injuring potato.A quadratic orthogonal regression model between experimental factors and experimental indicators was established.The influence of each factor on each test index was analyzed.The experimental factors were comprehensively optimized,and the best working parameter combinations were determined as:when the bionic shovel is chosen,the advance speed of the machine is 1.5m/s,and the soil moisture content is 17%,the harvesting effect of the whole machine is the best,the rate of digging cassava is as high as 96.1%,and the rate of injuring cassava is as low as 2.48%,which meets the job requirements in harvesting cassava roots.The field experiment was carried out on the cassava plants treated with pre-treatment,and the actual cassava excavation rate was 95.7%,the cassava injure rate was 2.57%,and compared with the software analysis values(96.1%,2.48%),the decrease was 0.42%and the increase was 3.50%,which verified the accuracy of the software analysis.The research data can provide reference for the mechanized harvesting of cassava roots,and it is of great significance for the excavation of cassava roots.