不同梅花品种在北移驯化中形态性状的变异

首先对北京市20多个梅花品种的性状进行了观测、编码;随后选取在武汉、南京也有性状记载的19个品种,对不同品种在北移驯化过程中形态性状的变异进行了比较、分析。结果表明:33个性状中,差异显著的有17个,其中营养器官性状8个,表现为自然树冠变开张,主干颜色变浅、驳纹增多、皮孔密而小,枝刺多,小枝细、趋向横生;生殖器官性状7个,表现为花蕾形状变紧实、花态趋向收拢,花梗短,花瓣、雄蕊变瓣减少,雄蕊着生状态趋向四射、花香变淡;生态性状2个,表现为着花状况变稀疏、群体花期变短。小枝颜色、每节着花数、瓣萼、萼瓣、花瓣颜色、雄蕊相对长度等性状相对稳定(差异不显著)。19个品种中,差异显著的为‘白须朱砂’、‘素白台阁’、‘小红朱砂’、‘乌羽玉’、‘三轮玉蝶’、‘粉玉宫粉’、‘小绿萼’、‘小宫粉’,表现了较强的可塑性和适应能力,具有相对大的抗寒潜力。

Variation of morphological characteristics of some cultivars of Prunus mume during the acclimatization to the north

More than 20 cultivars of mei flower (Prunus mume) in Beijing were carefully observed and systematically coded,19 of which cultivated in Wuhan or Nanjing were also recorded.Differences in morphological characteristics of the same cultivar in different places during the acclimatization to the north were compared and analyzed.The results showed that 17 out of 33 characteristics have significant differences.Eight of them occur in vegetative organs,such as,the natural crown becomes more open,trunk color is lighter,number of truck longitudinal furrows increases,lenticels are smaller but denser,number of shoot thorns increases,and twigs are slender at more horizontal directions.There are seven characteristics in reproductive organs,such as,the flower bud is more compact,flower form changes from dish-shape to bowl-shape,flower stalk is shorter,number of petals and extra-staminodes decreases,the direction of stamens becomes radiant from upright,and fragrance is less dense.There are two ecological characteristics,i.e.number of flowers is sparse,and the blooming duration of the population is shorter.Some characteristics such as color of twigs,number of flowers in each internode,extra-petaloid,extra-sepaloids,petal color,and the relative length of stamens to petal are relatively stable without significant variations.There are eight cultivars from 19 observed ones that have significant morphological differences,such as ’Baixu Zhusha’,’Subai Taige’,’Xiaohong Zhusha’,’Wu Yuyu’,’Sanlun Yudie’,’Fenyu Gongfen’,’Xiao Lü’e’ and ’Xiao Zhusha’,which shows high plasticity,strong adaptability and hardy potential.