东北地区大豆品种血缘组成分析

用系谱分析法研究了东北地区168个杂交育成大豆品种与其祖先品种间的亲缘系数,估计了各祖先品种对辽,吉、黑三省大豆基因库的相对遗传贡献。结果表明,我国东北地区大豆育成品种的遗传基础较窄。满仓金,紫花4号,丰地黄,元宝金,荆山朴,铁荚四粒黄,克山四粒黄,金元1号,十胜长叶和黄宝珠10个祖先品种对东北大豆杂交育成品种遗传基础的总贡献为57.7％。因满仓金,元宝金是金元×黄宝珠的后代,而荆山朴是由满仓金系选而来,因此,金元和黄宝珠约贡献了东北大豆育成品种约28.7％的遗传物质。三省比较,黑龙江省杂交育成大豆品种的遗传基础最窄,辽宁次之。为了保证持续稳定的育种进展,有必要加强对国内外大豆种质资源利用的研究。扩大种质资源的利用范围,使大豆品种的遗传基础多样化。

ANALYSIS OF THE PARENTAGE COMPOSITIONS AMONG SOYBEAN CULTIVARS DEVELOPED IN THE NORTHEAST OF CHINA

The coefficients of parentage among 168 soybean cultivars of hybrid origin and their ancestral parents were studied with a pedigree analysis method. The relative genetic contributions were estimated for every ancestral parents to each of the three soybean gene pools of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. The results showed that the genetic base of soybean cultivars developed in the Northeast was relatively naRrow. About 57.7% genetic materials of the soybean cul-tivars developed with hybridization came from Mancangjin, Zihua No.4, Fengdihuang, Yuan-baojin, Jingshanpu, Tiejiasilihuang, Keshansilihuang, Jinyuan No.1, Shishengcangye, and Huangbaozhu. Because Mancangjin, Yuanbaojin, and Jingshanpu were all cultivars derived from the same cross of Jinyuan X Huangbaozhu, the two ancestral cultivars contributed about 28.7 % genetic materials to the genetic base of the soybean cultivars developed in the Northeast. Among the three provinces studied, the genetic base of soybean cultivarsof hybrid origin in Heilongjiang was the narrowest one, and the genetic base of soybean cultivars in Liaoning was only second to that of Heilongjiang. In order to maintain a steady breeding progress and to increase the diversities of soybean genetic base, it is necessary to strengthen the studies of exploiting germplasms in the home and abroad, extending the range of germplasm utilization.