LED 灯对鲻刺网捕获效率及副渔获物组成的影响

为探究LED 灯对鲻(Mugil cephalus)刺网捕获效率及副渔获物组成的影响, 于2023 年5—6 月在荣成北部海

域使用布设5 种不同光色(红、白、黄、蓝、绿)和3 组不同数量(2、4、6 盏) LED 灯的三重刺网进行捕捞实验。以

单位捕捞努力量渔获数量(CPUE)和单位捕捞努力量渔获重量(WPUE)为指标, 采用广义线性混合效应模型(GLMM)

评估LED 灯对鲻捕获效率的影响。结果表明, LED 灯会对鲻捕获效率产生显著影响, 且不同光色和数量对鲻捕获

效率的影响存在差异。对比不同光色的LED 灯, 绿色LED 灯效果最佳, 与未布设LED 灯的对照网相比, 布设2、

4、6 盏绿灯的实验网鲻CPUE 分别显著提高了50.72%、97.46%和98.07% (P<0.05), WPUE 分别显著提高了39.38%、

80.54%和84.63% (P<0.05), 其中, 布设4 盏和6 盏LED 灯的实验网鲻单位捕捞努力渔获数量(CPUE)和单位捕捞努

力渔获重量(WPUE)差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验网与对照网捕获鲻的体长分布均无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时, 布设

LED 灯提高了花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)等副渔获物的捕获效率; 特定光色的

LED 灯有助于减少副渔获物中花鲈和许氏平鲉的幼鱼比例。研究认为, 绿色LED 灯在鲻刺网中具有较好的应用前

景。本研究可为LED 灯在鲻刺网渔业中的合理应用提供参考。

Effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on catch efficiency and bycatches in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) gillnet fishery

Gillnet fisheries targeting grey mullets Mugil cephalus are an important part of small-scale fisheries in

the coastal areas of China. However, in fishery production, the catch efficiency of gray mullet is low and the

number of catches is out of proportion to the fishing effort, which leads to a low economic benefit for the fishery.

Improving the catch efficiency of gray mullets has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In recent

years, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used to improve the catch efficiency of target species. It

mainly uses the phototaxis of the target species to attract, gather, and trap fish. Many studies have shown that the

gray mullet has phototaxis and may have different phototaxis for different lights. Therefore, the application of

LEDs in gray mullet gillnet fisheries may effectively improve catch efficiency; however, their specific impact

needs to be systematically assessed. In this study, sea trials were conducted in the northern sea area of Rongcheng

from May to June 2023 to test the effects of different LED light colors (red, white, yellow, blue, and green) and

amount (2, 4, 6) on the catch efficiency of gray mullet. A total of 1549 specimens of grey mullet were caught. The

generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM) was used to evaluate the effect of LEDs on the catch efficiency of

gray mullets. When building the model, CPUE (catch amount per unit of fishing effort) and WPUE (catch weight

per unit of fishing effort) were taken as dependent variables, LED color and quantity as fixed effects, and voyage

time as random effects, according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion

(BIC), to judge the fitting degree of the normal, gamma, Poisson, and negative binomial distributions. The gamma

distribution was selected as the optimal fit to analyze the influence of LED color and quantity influence the catch

efficiency of gray mullets. Compared with LEDs of different light colors, the CPUE of mullet with 2/4/6 green

lights significantly increased by 50.72%, 97.46%, and 98.07%, whereas the WPUE significantly increased by

39.38%, 80.54%, and 84.63%, respectively. The CPUE and WPUE of gray mullets in the test nets with 4 and 6

LEDs were not significantly different (P>0.05). In addition, LEDs improve the catch efficiency of bycatch in sea

bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Based on the results of this study, green

LEDs are recommended in grey mullet gillnet fisheries to improve the catch efficiency of grey mullet, and the

recommended number is four per net.