凡纳滨对虾分子育种研究进展

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是我国重要的水产养殖品种, 由于受到种质资源限制, 养殖中出现生长

速度慢、存活率低以及抗病抗逆差等问题。针对凡纳滨对虾养殖产业存在的问题, 我国研究人员积极开展育种工

作, 并取得了一定进展。近年来, 水产动物遗传改良技术发展迅速, 现代分子育种技术的引入为凡纳滨对虾育种带

来了革命性变革。本文综述了凡纳滨对虾分子育种技术研究概况, 包括种质资源研究、基因组研究、分子标记挖

掘与辅助育种、基因组选择以及基因编辑等研究与应用, 并对凡纳滨对虾分子育种技术未来发展趋势进行了展望,

以期为利用现代分子育种技术培育凡纳滨对虾新品种提供参考。

Molecular breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei: A review

Litopenaeus vannamei is an important aquaculture species in China, and its production ranks first amongall crustaceans. However, owing to it being a non-native species and its germplasm being limited by its origin inforeign countries, after a period of dividend farming, negative problems such as slow growth, and a low survivalrate, and poor disease resistance have gradually appeared, causing huge losses to shrimp farming. In response tothese problems, researchers in China have actively conducted shrimp breeding and have achieved certain resultsby cultivating several new varieties. In recent years, the development of genetic improvement technology foraquatic animals has been rapid, and the introduction of modern molecular breeding technology has revolutionizedthe breeding of L. vannamei. In this paper, we review the status of molecular breeding technology in L. vannamei,including germplasm resource research, genome research, molecular marker mining and assisted breeding, genomeselection, and gene-editing research. It also provides an outlook on the future development trends of molecularbreeding technology for L. vannamei, with the hope of providing a reference for the breeding of new L. vannamei varieties using these modern molecular breeding techniques.