闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼时空分布特征及影响因子

为探明闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼时空分布特征及与环境因子的相关关系, 根据2022 年5 月(春季)、2022 年11月(秋季)、2023 年2 月(冬季)以及2023 年7 月(夏季)开展的4 个航次仔稚鱼调查资料, 研究该海域仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布、群落结构和多样性, 探讨闽南渔场海域的水文特征与仔稚鱼分布的相关关系。结果显示: (1) 4 个航次共采集仔稚鱼1114 尾, 隶属于9 目40 科87 种, 其中鲈形目(Perciformes)数量最多, 占研究海域仔稚鱼总数量的65.26%;夏季仔稚鱼丰度最高, 种类数最多, 秋季仔稚鱼丰度最低, 种类数最少; 各季度间优势种差异明显, 无公共优势种。(2) 闽南渔场沿海仔稚鱼群聚的组成各季节存在显著差异, 春−夏、夏−秋、秋−冬和冬−春的季节物种更替率依次为88.46%、98.15%、100.00%、92.11%。多样性分析结果显示, 仔稚鱼Margalef 丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Hʹ)均夏季最高, 但Pielou 均匀度指数(Jʹ)冬季最高。(3) 仔稚鱼群落结构相似性分析表明, 春季、夏季和冬季各站位仔稚鱼群聚划分明显, 春季仔稚鱼群落可分为近岸类群和近海类群2 个群组, 夏季和冬季仔稚鱼群落均可分为近岸类群、近海I 类群和近海II 类群3 个群组。(4) 仔稚鱼时空分布与环境因子的相关性分析表明, 不同站位间盐度变化和季节间的温度变化是影响仔稚鱼时空分布的主要原因。本研究结果可为研究闽南渔场渔业资源的补充机制及制定渔业资源养护与管理措施提供科学依据。

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and analysis of influ encingfactors of fish larvae and juveniles along the coast of Minnan fishing grounds

To identify the composition and diversity of fish larvae and juveniles in the coastal waters of theMinnan fishing grounds, the species composition and quantity distribution of fish larvae and juveniles, as well asthe relationship between the hydrological characteristics of the waters of the fishing grounds in Minnan and thedistribution of fish larvae and juveniles, were studied. Ecological research data were obtained for the larvae andjuveniles studied in four voyages carried out in May 2022 (spring), November 2022 (autumn), February 2023(winter), and July 2023 (summer). It was found that: (1) a total of 1114 fish larvae and juveniles were collected on4 voyages, belonging to 9 orders, 40 families, and 87 species, of which the number of Perciformes was the largest,accounting for 65.26% of the total number of fish larvae and juveniles in the study area. The abundance of fishlarvae and juveniles and the number of species were the highest in summer, and the abundance of fish larvae andjuveniles and the number of species were the lowest in autumn. The dominant species in each quarter were obvious,and there were no common dominant species. (2) There are significant differences in the composition of the fishlarvae and juvenile clusters in the Minnan fishing grounds. The species replacement rates in the four seasons were88.46%, 98.15%, 100.00%, and 92.11%, respectively. The results of the diversity analysis show that the richnessindex (D) and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'') were the highest in the summer, but the Pielou evennessindex (J'') was highest in the winter. (3) Analysis of the similarity of the assemblages of fish larvae and juvenilesshowed that the assemblages of fish larvae and juveniles in spring, summer, and winter were obvious. Duringspring, fish larvae and juveniles can be divided into two groups: nearshore and offshore. In summer and winter, thefish larvae and juveniles can be divided into three groups: the nearshore group, the offshore group I, and theoffshore group II. (4) Analysis of the correlation between spatial and temporal distribution and environmentalfactors of the fish larvae and juveniles revealed that the changes in salinity between different stations and thetemperature changes between seasons are the main factors that affect spatial and temporal distribution. The resultsof this study provide a scientific basis for studying the replenishment mechanism of fishery resources in theMinnan fishing grounds and formulating measures for the conservation and management of fishery resources.