临潭县旱区地膜春小麦覆膜方式对比试验初报

在旱作雨养农业区，采用平膜穴播、地膜沟穴播和垄膜侧沟播不同覆膜播种方式对春小麦的产量、经济效益及经济性状进行研究。结果表明，3种不同覆膜方式下春小麦的出苗期、成熟期均比露地条播（CK）提早，幼穗分化期延长，单株粒数、千粒重、单株生产力等经济性状比CK表现好。3种不同覆膜方式产量高低依次为：地膜沟穴播＞平膜穴播＞垄膜侧沟播；地膜沟穴播经济效益最好，纯收益4250．3元／hm^2，比CK增40．7％，平膜穴播经济效益次之。因此，地膜沟穴播是较为经济、有效的覆膜栽培方式。

Effects of film-covering cultivation patterns for dryland spring wheat in Lintan county

There are now three patterns of film-covering cultivation for dryland spring wheat for farmers to choose. One is sowing-in-hole and flatly covered with film (Pattern Ⅰ), anoter is sowing-in-hole in furrows between film-covered ridges (Pattern Ⅱ), still a third is sowing-in-both-half-side furrows of film-covered ridges (Pattern Ⅲ). However, different film-covering pattern brings about somewhat different gain against traditional pattern of sowing flatly with no film coverage (CK) in general. Firstly, positive effects show in bringing forth about both sprouting of seedling and being ripe for all of three film-covering patterns. Secondly, because of the improvements mainly in microenvironment of soil, the period of little ears origination, for every film-covering pattern, is stretched longer than that of CK. And thirdly, better developments of wheat plants pace the way to favor results in such productive characteristics as average grains of single plant, average weight of kilo-grain, grain weight of single plant, and therefore, all of these add weight upon the grain output per hm2 over that of CK. Of them, the highest is from PatternⅡ, which harvests 4 600.2 kg/hm2 of grain, up 33.3% against that of CK. After it is PatternⅠ, which produces 3 800.3 kg/hm2 of grain, up 10.1%. Finally, in the view of net income for wheat production, still PatternⅡ gets ahead over others for which produces 4 250.3 yuan/hm2 of net income, over 40.7% than that of CK, also 38.0% higher than PatternⅠ which gets 3 100.5 yuan/hm2 and 2.7% over CK. So it seems to be better to choose Pattern Ⅱ for cultivation of dryland spring wheat covered with film.