特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析

目的探明云南主要辣木种植区的病害种类及其分布、为害，开展辣木果腐病防治试验，为辣木果腐病防治提供参考。方法2016—2017年在云南省景洪、元谋、元江、江城、龙陵、芒市和富宁等7个辣木主要种植地区采用五点取样法进行辣木病害调查。选用70%代森锰锌330倍液、50%多菌灵750倍液、1∶1的70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂330倍液与50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂750倍混配液(简称70%代森锰锌∶50%多菌灵)为供试药剂，按常规喷雾进行施药处理，测试上述药剂对辣木果腐病的田间防治效果。结果云南辣木主要种植区常见病害有果腐病、枝条回枯病、嫩梢萎焉病、炭疽病、白粉病和根茎基腐病等，其中果腐病发生最为普遍，所调查的每个地区均有发生，最严重的是芒市，果腐病发病率高达72%。果腐病田间药剂防治试验结果表明：3种药剂对辣木果腐病均有一定的防治效果，校正防效大小依次为70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂330倍液(69.79%)>70%代森锰锌∶50%多菌灵(68.01%)>50%多菌灵750倍液(57.43%)。结论研究确定了云南辣木种植区辣木主要病害6种，筛选出防治果腐病的化学药剂。

Management of drumstick pod fly, Gitona distigma (Meigen)

PurposeThe study was focused on the Moringa oleifera diseases investigation, distribution and their damages in the main M. oleifera planting regions in Yunnan, then on the evaluation of the control efficacy of fungicides on the pod rot of M. oleifera in the field so as to provide reference for M. oleifera pod rot control.MethodM. oleifera disease survey in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Jinghong, Yuanmou, Yuanjiang, Jiangcheng, Longling, Mangshi and Funing in Yunan was conducted by 5-point sampling method from 2016 to 2017. The diseases were diagnosed by symptom observation, pathogens isolation and identification. 70% mancozeb wettable powder 330 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 750 times liquid, 70% mancozeb (WP) 330 times liquid mixed with 50% carbendazim (WP) 750 times liquid in the proportion of 1:1 were selected to evaluate the control effect on pod rot of M. oleifera in the field with water as control. All of the treatments were conducted with conventional spraying.ResultDisease investigation results showed that the common diseases in the main M. oleifera planting regions of Yunnan included pod rot, pathogenic dieback, tender shoot wilt, anthracnose, powdery mildew, root and basal rot and so on. Pod rot is the most common one occurring in each of the investigated region, in which Mangshi is the most severe occurrence region with the incidence up to 72%. The field trial test results indicated that all of the three fungicides showed certain control effects against to pod rot of M. oleifera, among them 70% mancozeb (WP) 330 times liquid showed the best control effect with control effect of 69.79%, and then the recommended 70% mancozeb (WP) 330 times liquid pooled with 50% carbendazim (WP) 750 times liquid in the ratio of 1:1 showed 68.01% control effect, while the control effect of 50% carbendazim (WP) 750 times liquid was only 57.43%.ConclusionWe investigated and identified 6 kinds of main diseases of Moringa in M. oleifera plantations in Yunnan Province, and screened out the suitable chemical insecticides to control the pod rot.