湖泊饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价

目的研究玉溪红塔区饮用水源地水环境特征和人体健康风险，为玉溪地区城市饮用水源地生态环境保护提供参考。方法结合2014—2018年飞井海水库水环境质量检测数据，运用美国国家环保局（US EPA）推荐的水质健康风险评价模型对9项水质指标进行健康风险评估。结果2014—2018年，飞井海水库水质状况良好，除NH₃-N外的其余监测指标均符合GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》I类水标准。水环境总健康风险为4.1×10⁻⁵~1.3×10⁻⁴ a⁻¹，高于或接近国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）和US EPA推荐值，但整体呈逐年下降趋势；化学致癌物（Cr⁶⁺、As和Cd）的风险值远高于非化学致癌物（F⁻、Cu、NH₃-N、NO₃⁻、Mn和Fe），主要致癌污染因子为Cr⁶⁺；各非致癌物健康危害风险的数量级均为10⁻⁹~10⁻¹³，其风险值可忽略不计。Pearson相关性分析表明：Cu和F⁻、Mn、Fe、Cd、Cr⁶⁺之间、Cr⁶⁺和Cu、F⁻、Fe、Mn、Cd之间均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），其中Cr⁶⁺和Cd的相关性极其显著（R²=0.832），说明Cr和Cd含量之间影响较大。结论飞井海水库人体健康危害总风险以化学致癌物风险为主，主要化学致癌物为Cr⁶⁺，非化学致癌物中F⁻最高，应予以优先关注和重点管控。

A new water quality assessment model based on projection pursuit technique

PurposesThe clarify the water environment characteristics and human health risks of the drinking water sources in Hongta District of Yuxi, and to provided references for ecological environment protection of drinking water sources in Yuxi District.MethodsCombined with the water environment quality test data of Feijinghai Reservoir from 2014 to 2018, the health risk assessments of 9 indicators were evaluated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) recommended health risk assessment model for water quality index.ResultsThe water quality of Feijinghai Reservoir was in good condition from 2014 to 2018. All the monitoring indicators except NH₃-N were in conformity with the surface water environment quality standard I (GB 3838—2002). The average annual health risk of individuals caused by drinking route of various pollutants varied between 4.1×10⁻⁵ and 1.3×10⁻⁴ a⁻¹, both higher than or close to the recommended values of the international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) and US EPA, but the overall trend was decreasing trend year by year. The total chemical carcinogens risk (Cr⁶⁺, As, Cd) of drinking water was much higher than that of non-chemical carcinogens (F⁻, Cu, NH₃-N, NO₃⁻, Mn, Fe), and the main carcinogenic pollutant was Cr⁶⁺. The health hazard risk of each non-carcinogen was 10⁻⁹-10⁻¹³, and the risk value was negligible. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between Cu and F⁻, Mn, Fe, Cd, Cr⁶⁺ (P<0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between Cr⁶⁺ and Cu, F⁻, Fe, Mn, Cd, and the correlation between Cr⁶⁺ and Cd was extremely significant (P<0.01, R²=0.832), indicating that Cr and Cd content had a great influence.ConclusionsThe total risk of human health hazards in Feijinghai Reservoir water was dominated by the risk of chemical carcinogens. The main chemical carcinogens were Cr⁶⁺, and the fluoride in non-carcinogens was the highest, which should be given priority attention and key control.