东海鲭鱼资源和渔场时空分布特征的研究

北太平洋公海灯光围网渔业是近年来我国新兴的远洋渔业项目，其中日本鲭 (Scomber japonicus)、远东拟沙丁鱼 (Sardinops sagax)、巴特柔鱼 (Ommastrephes bartrami) 和秋刀鱼 (Cololabis saira) 是主要渔获组成，厘清关键鱼种的渔场重心与环境因子的关系对研究渔场的形成机制及指导渔业生产具有重要意义。该研究利用2016—2017年北太平洋灯光围网渔业渔获数据及海表温 (Sea surface temperature, SST)、叶绿素 (Chl-a) 等环境因子，通过广义可加模型等分析渔获量的季节性变化及其与环境的关系。结果表明，北太平洋渔场重心整体上在渔汛初期向东北方向偏移，8—9月后期往西南折返。研究发现日本鲭渔场集中在148°E—154°E、40°N—42°N，远东拟沙丁鱼渔场集中在149°E—153°E、40°N—42°N，巴特柔鱼渔场集中在150°E—154°E、40°N—42°N，秋刀鱼渔场集中在150°E—153°E、41°N—42°N；2016—2017年北太平洋公海日本鲭的单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 最适SST介于13~20.18 ℃，最适Chl-a介于0.1~0.8 mg·m⁻³；远东拟沙丁鱼CPUE最适SST介于12~19.1 ℃，最适Chl-a介于0.3~0.88 mg·m⁻³；巴特柔鱼 CPUE 最适 SST 介于 14~22 ℃，最适Chl-a介于0.2~1.1 mg·m⁻³；秋刀鱼CPUE 最适 SST 介于 14~21 ℃，最适Chl-a介于0.24~0.98 mg·m⁻³。

Climate-induced habitat suitability variations of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea

Light seine fishery in North Pacific high seas is a new offshore fishery project in China in recent years. Scomber japonicus, Sardinops sagax, Ommastrephes bartramii and Cololabis saira are the main economic species in that area. It is important to clarify the relationship between the center of gravity and environmental factors for the study on the formation mechanism of fishery and the guidance of fishery production. Based on the 2016−2017 North Pacific Light Seine Fishery catch data and environmental factors such as sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), we analyzed the seasonal variation of catch and its relationship with environment were analyzed by generalized additive model (GAM). On the whole, the center of gravity of North Pacific fisheries shifted northeast at the beginning of the fishing flood, and turned southwest during August to late September. The results show that S. japonicas fishing grounds were mainly at 148°E−154°E, 40°N−42°N; S. melanostictus fishing grounds were mainly at 149°E−153°E, 40°N−42°N; O. bartramii fishing grounds were mainly at 150°E−154°E, 40°N−42°N; C. saira fishing grounds were mainly at 150°E−153 °E, 41°N−42°N. Moreover, the optimal SST of S. japonicus CPUE was 13−20.18 ℃, and the optimal Chl-a was 0.1−0.8 mg·m⁻³. The optimal SST of S. sagax CPUE was 12−19.1 ℃, and the optimal Chl-a was 0.3−0.88 mg·m⁻³. The optimal SST of O. bartramii CPUE was 14−22 ℃, and the optimal Chl-a was 0.2−1.1 mg·m⁻³. The optimal SST of C. saira CPUE was 14−21 ℃, and the optimal Chl-a was 0.24−0.98 mg·m⁻³.