真菌中药——乌灵参

目的对分离于西藏黑耳中的上升炭角菌进行生物学特性研究。方法对野外采集的黑耳进行组织分离获得菌种，对得到的菌种进行形态和分子生物学鉴定，并进行生物学平板特性培养和木屑菌包驯化栽培。结果鉴定结果显示：所获得的菌株为珍稀药用菌上升炭角菌(Xylaria hypoxylon)，其菌丝最适生长因子为果糖、酵母浸膏、pH 6.0和23 ℃。驯化栽培显示：上升炭角菌可在多数阔叶树木屑中生长，菌包A菌丝生长速率为0.87 cm/d，明显高于菌包B。菌包A和菌包B长满菌丝分别需要15和25 d，菌包长满菌丝15~20 d后菌丝体由白变黑，菌包变黑25~35 d后开始出现原基，原基出现10 d后可采收第一潮子实体。结论本研究首次纯人工不覆土驯化栽培出分离于黑耳中的上升炭角菌，并初步探明了其生物学特性，为进一步研究、开发和利用该菌奠定了基础。

Notes on some fungi from Kweichow

PurposeThe biological characteristics of Xylaria hypoxylon isolated from Exidia sp. collected from Tibet area were studied.MethodThe spawn of X. hypoxylon was isolated by tissue isolation from Exidia sp. And it was identified by morphological and molecular methods. Its biological characteristics were studied by solid media and broadleaf sawdust in the bags.ResultFructose, yeast extract, pH 6.0 and 23 ℃ could be used as the optimum growth factors for fermentation. Domestication and cultivation studies showed that the spawn of X. hypoxylon could grow in most broadleaf sawdusts. The average growth rate of the mycelium in bag A was 0.87 cm/d, which was much higher than that of bag B. It will cost fifteen and twenty five days separately to cultivate by broadleaf sawdust when bags A and bags B were full of mycelia. Then the mycelia became dark gradually after 15-20 days later. The primordium appeared after 25-35 days later after the bags becoming darkness completely. And then the fruiting bodies could be harvested for the first time after 10 days.ConclusionX. hypoxylon collected from Exidia sp. has been cultivated without casing for the first time. Its biological characteristics have been investigated clearly. Thus this species could be utilized and developed in the future.