基肥减量施用对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响

目的探明烤烟滴灌施肥方式下的肥料适宜减量程度。方法2017年通过田间试验，以当地常规处理(CF)为对照，研究等氮滴灌处理(DF)、减氮20%滴灌处理(DF−20%N)和减氮40%滴灌处理(DF−40%N)对烤烟生长、氮磷钾吸收利用及经济性状的影响。结果与CF处理相比，DF−40%N处理烟株最大叶面积和平均叶面积分别增加了40.7%和20.1%，叶片磷素和钾素含量分别显著提高了28.8%和31.1%(P<0.05)，全株磷素和钾素累积量分别增加了8.8% (P<0.05)和12.3%，磷素和钾素利用率分别显著提高了35.7%和45.5% (P<0.05)，中上等烟比例和均价分别提高了28.7%和17.8% (P<0.05)；不同氮肥滴灌量处理间，烤烟叶片中磷和钾含量以DF−40%N处理最高。随着氮肥滴灌量的减少，烟株氮素累积量随之减少，磷素和钾素累积量随之增加，氮、磷、钾利用率均随之提高，中上等烟、烟叶产值和均价也逐渐提升。结论本试验条件下，烤烟滴灌追肥阶段(基追比3∶7)氮肥施用(总)量宜减少40%，可促进烟株对磷、钾的累积和氮磷钾的吸收利用，同时有利于烟叶等级结构及均价的提升。

Effects of Drip Irrigation Fertilizing Reduction on the Yield and NPK Absorption and Utilization of Flue-cured Tobacco

PurposeTo determine the suitable degree of reduction of flue-cured tobacco fertilizer under drip irrigation.MethodA field experiment was carried out to study the effects of reduction drip irrigation fertilization on the yield and NPK absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco, with the treatments of local conventional treatment (CF), nitrogen drip irrigation (DF), 20% reduction of nitrogen drip irrigation (DF−20%N) and 40% reduction of nitrogen drip irrigation (DF−40%N) in 2017.ResultThe maximum leaf area and average leaf area increased by 40.7% and 20.1%, the concentration content of P and K increased by 28.8% and 31.1% (P<0.05) in tobacco leaf, the accumulation of P and K increased by 8.8% (P<0.05) and 12.3% in the whole tobacco plant, P and K uptake efficiency increased by 35.7% and 45.5% (P<0.05), the mid-high grade leave ratio and average price increased by 28.7% and 17.8% (P<0.05), respectively, in the treatment of DF−40%N. The highest contents of P and K in leaves were found in the treatment of DF−40%N, among the drip irrigation fertilizing treatments. The N accumulation decreased with the decrease of N drip irrigation. The P and K accumulation, N, P and K uptake efficiency, the mid-high grade leave ratio, production value and average price increased, with the decrease of N drip irrigation.ConclusionIn this experiment, the amount of N should be reduced by 40%, in the stage of top dressing (3∶7 dressing ratio), which benefited for the P and K accumulation, the N, P and K uptake, and the improving of quality grade of tobacco leaves and average price of tobacco.