稻田中性昆虫对群落食物网的调控作用

目的明确中性昆虫蚊虫在茶园节肢动物群落中的地位和作用，为茶园害虫综合防治、科学合理地保护和利用自然天敌提供科学依据。方法对2015、2016年的白毫早茶园和乌牛早茶园及2014、2015年安吉白茶茶园蚊虫及主要害虫与8种蜘蛛类群的关系进行分析，用灰色关联度法和时间生态位相似性系数法分析蚊虫及5种害虫与蜘蛛类群在数量上和时间上的关系，利用通径分析法分析蚊虫及5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的直接和间接作用，运用决策系数R²(j)大小判别蚊虫和5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的作用大小次序。对上述结果进行标准化处理，综合评判，求得与蜘蛛类天敌作用大的前3位食饵。结果在天敌食饵的数量、发生时间与天敌关系的密切程度上，第1位的食饵是双斑长跗萤叶甲，第2位是蚊虫，第3位是茶蚜。3种茶园2个年度的R²(j)值标准化处理综合分析得出：对蜘蛛类天敌作用最大的第1位食饵是假眼小绿叶蝉，第2位是蓟马，第3位是蚊虫。结论由蚊虫作为天敌食饵的地位看出，蚊虫替代害虫对蜘蛛的生长、繁殖起到很大作用。

Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist nutural enemies and slternative prey

PurposeIn order to clarify the position and function of neutral insects and mosquitoes in arthropod community in tea plantations, this study provided a scientific basis for the scientific and rational protection and utilization of natural enemies in the integrated control of tea plant pests.MethodFor 2015 and 2016 Baihaozao tea garden and Wuniuzao tea garden and 2014 and 2015 Anjibaicha tea plant mosquitoes and the main plant-eating insects Brevipalpus obovatus, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Empoasca vitis, Thripidae and Toxoptera aurantii five kinds of pests and eight kinds of spider taxa were analyzed. Gray relational degree method was used to analyze the correlation between mosquitoes and five pests and spider groups. The method of niche similarity coefficient with time was used to analyze the relationship between mosquitoes and five kinds of insects and spiders that over time. The path analysis was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of mosquitoes and five kinds of pests on the spider groups. The results are standardized and evaluated synthetically to obtain the first three preys which have a great effect on spider natural enemies.ResultDividing the maximum value of each parameter, the normalized ratios of the three varieties in different years were added, and the maximum was the most prevalent or most prey to the spider group. As a result, the number one predator was M. hieroglyphica, the second was mosquito and the third was T. aurantii. In time, the first prey bait was M. hieroglyphica, the second was the mosquito, the third was T. aurantii. According to the standardization of R²(j) values in two years of three kinds of tea gardens, the first prey was E. vitis, Thripidae was the second , the third place was the mosquito.ConclusionThis shows that mosquitoes in the replacement of prey living in the main position in the growth and reproduction of spiders played a big role in the replacement.