从生态农业到生态文明建设——纪念马世骏先生诞辰100周年暨生态工程理念发表36周年

"整体、协调、循环、再生"是马世骏先生1979年提出的生态工程理念。他指出:"生态工程是应用生态系统中物种共生与物质循环再生的原理,结合系统工程的最优化方法,设计的分层多级利用物质的生产工艺系统"。1987年马世骏先生又进一步指出:"运用了生态工程原理建立起来的农业才是生态农业"。本文以几个生态农业模式表明其理念的正确性和先进性,并阐明生态农业是当代生态文明的重要组成部分。生态农业由一个个生态工程所建成,而生态工程实质上是以生态学原理为依据的生态系统设计。最后提出了加速生态农业建设的几点建议。

From eco-agriculture to eco-civilization construction: In memory of Prof. Ma Shijun's 100 years birthday and the 36th anniversary of eco-engineering theory publication

In 1979, Prof. Ma Shijun proposed the eco-engineering principles of "integration, co-ordination, circulation, regeneration and revitalization". Specially, he pointed out that eco-engineering was a production-technology system by which co-existence of species and revitalization of matters were applied with the best possible methods of systematic engineering and multi-level circulation. In 1987, Prof. Ma Shijun further stated that agriculture built upon principles of eco-engineering was eco-agriculture itself. This paper substantiated the precision and foresight of Prof. Ma Shijun''s theory with several successful models of eco-engineering, which were integration model of shelterbelt forest and farmland in oasis of desert region of Northwest China, mutualistic symbiosis model of rice-fish system, large scale circular economy model of livestock "breeding in the west and raising in the east" in northeast agro-pastoral transition zone of Inner Mongolia, and ecosystem component equilibrium model of high quality forage grass cultivation in low-yield farmland in Huanghuaihai grain-producing area. It also explained why eco-agriculture is an important part of modern eco-eco-civilization. Eco-agriculture consists of a series of eco-engineering projects based on the relevant ecological principles. This paper ended with several recommendations for speedy development of eco-agriculture in China.