不同产量水平旱地冬小麦品种氮磷钾养分累积与转移的差异分析

以9 个旱地冬小麦品种为材料, 通过田间试验研究不同产量水平冬小麦品种氮磷钾累积和转移的差异。结果表明: 高产冬小麦品种的花前氮累积量随养分投入水平提高而增加的幅度明显高于中、低产品种, 具较高的花前氮累积量, 但其花前磷累积量无明显优势; 高产冬小麦品种花后能累积较多的氮磷, 但其氮磷转移量、转移率、转移氮磷对籽粒的贡献率均低于中、低产品种; 高产冬小麦品种花前钾累积量和钾转移量无明显优势, 但其籽粒对钾的保存能力较高, 花后钾损失较少。因此, 较高的花后氮磷累积量、较低的花后钾损失量是旱地冬小麦品种高产的重要原因。

NPK accumulation and translocation in dryland winter wheat cultivars with different yields

To evaluate the differences in NPK accumulation and translocation in dryland winter wheat cultivars with different yields, nine winter wheat cultivars were planted on field with no fertilizer application for six years. The results showed significant differences in NPK accumulation, translocation and K loss for different cultivars. Before anthesis, increased fertilizer rate led to more rapid increase in N accumulation in high-yield cultivars than in medium- and low-yield cultivars. At pre-anthesis, however, there were no significant differences in P accumulation among different-yield wheat cultivars. High-yield cultivars were characterized as high post-anthesis N and P accumulation and low K loss levels. This was due to high ability to save translocated K in wheat grains. Also in high-yield cultivars, N and P translocation and remobilization efficiencies, and the contribution of remobilized N and P to grain yield were lower than those in low-yield cultivars. However, there was no obvious difference in K accumulation and translocation at pre-anthesis. Consequently, higher post-anthesis N and P accumulation and lower K loss were important driving factors of higher grain yields in dryland wheat cultivars.