基于WoS文献计量学和知识图谱的农业机器人进展与趋势

随着物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术的进步,全球农业机器人研究迅速发展。为了解全球农业机器人的发展现状,该研究基于Web of Science（WoS）核心数据,利用知识图谱可视化软件,绘制农业机器人研究领域知识图谱。研究表明：农业机器人研究大致可以分为4个发展阶段,当前农业机器人研究进入加速发展期,逐步向多功能、智能化自主无人系统发展;中国与美国,美国与西班牙以及中国和日本之间的合作最为密切;中国农业机器人相关研究“量质齐增”,尤其是水果采摘机器人,取得较多成果。最后对中国农业机器人的发展提出了几点建议,加强基础研究,实现高水平科技自立自强;提升农业机器人的智能化水平,适应不同作业环境,保证作业性能的稳定性、高质量和高效率;制定扶持引导政策,加大投入,加强研发和人才队伍建设,推动农业机器人技术与装备的可持续健康发展与应用。

Progress and trend of agricultural robots based on WoS bibliometrics and knowledge graph

An agricultural robot system has been ever increasing to develop rapidly in the world, with the progress of the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. This study aims to analyze the development of the global agricultural robot system using the domain knowledge map from the Web of Science core data and visualization software. Research findings were as follows: 1) Four stages were roughly divided in the agricultural robot research. 2) The United States, China, Spain, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United Kingdom presented the most research outputs, and the closest cooperation was found between China and the United States, the United States and Spain, China and Japan. 3) The agricultural robot research in China was about 10 years later than that of the United States, but there was a high increase in the most achievements quantity and quality, especially in the fruit picking robot. The key technologies, such as stereo vision technology, have been reported almost simultaneously in China and the United States. 4) The development of the agricultural robot system followed the following path: from simple to complex, and gradually to the multi-functional, intelligent autonomous unmanned system. Correspondingly, the development of the agricultural robot system from the birth, shape and growth to a period of rapid development, was great benefit from the big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing, mobile Internet, as well the new generation of information and communication technology. Now, the agricultural robot has stepped into a period of accelerated development in the new era. The future agricultural robot can be more smart and intelligent, from one single function to the integration of intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, and intelligent execution of agricultural robot system. The more extensive development of agricultural robots can be extended from the special robots to multi-functional mechanization, automation, and intellectualization suitable for the agricultural production, particularly from the whole mechanization of the same crop production to the comprehensive large-scale intensive mechanization of different varieties of crops development needs. The application of agricultural robots has been developed from a single robot to a group operation system with the intelligent cooperation of multiple robots, such as swarm UAV, harvesting robot group, robot group, and robot team. The application scenarios have been more efficient and competitive in the large-scale cooperative operation of agricultural robots. The unmanned intelligent agricultural robot can be the development trend to cope with the agricultural labor shortage and machine generation. Man-machine cooperation and man-machine integration can also bring the respective strengths of new farmers and agricultural robots to achieve the common growth of man-machine. Consequently, some recommendations were made to strengthen basic research, and break through the restrictions and blockades of algorithms, models, materials, and processes, particularly for the high-level scientific and technological self-reliance in the field of agricultural robots. It is very necessary to accelerate the implementation of the development strategy of agricultural robots during this time. The level of intelligence of agricultural robots needs to be further improved for the stability, high quality, and high efficiency of operating performance suitable for various operating environments. In addition, the decision making on the supportive and guiding policies and the investment can also be critical to strengthen the research and talent team, thereby promoting sustainable and healthy development in the application of agricultural robot technology and equipment.