我国森林生态补偿法律制度研究

良好的生态环境是人类生存和发展的必要外部条件，而森林资源是构成良好生态环境的重要基础。森林资源同时具有经济效益和生态效益，过度追求其经济价值导致森林生态系统遭受严重破坏，继而引发了一系列生态环境问题。森林生态补偿制度作为维护生态安全和生态公平的重要手段，日益受到各国的重视。我国在政府主导下开展的森林生态补偿实践取得了显著成效，但也暴露出我国森林生态补偿法律制度立法不健全、市场配套机制不完善等问题。森林生态补偿制度是国家生态文明建设的重要内容，“十四五”时期，立足新的发展阶段，碳达峰、碳中和纳入经济社会发展和生态文明建设整体布局，应该抓住机遇，构建开放的多元化、市场化的森林生态补偿机制，以完善的法律法规和配套机制作为支撑，加快推进森林生态补偿法律制度的建设完善。

Legal System of Forest Ecological Compensation in China

A good ecological environment is a necessary external condition to the survival and development of human beings, and forest resources are an important basis for creating a good ecological environment. Forest is a kind of natural resource with both economic and ecological benefits. Excessive pursuit of its economic value has caused serious damage to the forest ecosystem, which in turn caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. As an important means of cultivating forest resources and protecting forest ecosystems, forest ecological compensation system has been paid more and more attention by all countries. The forest ecological compensation practice led by the government in China has achieved significant results, but it has also exposed issues such as incomplete legislation of the legal system for forest ecological compensation and imperfect market supporting mechanisms.The forest ecological compensation system is an important part of national ecological civilization construction. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, based on a new stage of development, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality should be incorporated into the overall layout of economic and social development and ecological civilization construction. This paper proposed to seize the opportunity to build an open, diversified, and market-oriented forest ecological compensation mechanism, which is supported by systematic laws and other significant regulations, to promote the construction and perfection of the legal system of forest ecological compensation.