曲线边壁竖缝式鱼道池室内部构造优化

为提高鱼道的过鱼效率，在曲线边壁竖缝式鱼道基础上增加内部构造，即在鱼道内壁和底板上布置辅助过鱼装置，组合而成6种不同布置方案，并对每种布置方案进行了相应的数值模拟和模型试验，探究不同布置方案的过鱼效果。结果表明：不同隔板组合的方案1、2、3的上溯成功率分别为36.7%、43.3%、73.3%，其中以中央贯通且尾部边壁只设一组隔板的方案3试验鱼上溯成功率最高；在方案3的基础上引入不同直径圆形柱组合形成方案4、5、6，其相应的上溯成功率分别为56.7%、73.3%、90.0%，其中以圆柱直径为池室入口宽度二分之一的方案6上溯成功率最高，可作为推荐方案，同时发现鱼类游动会大致沿主流进行逆流上溯，当水流形态呈现多股主流流径，流速梯度明显，主流流速衰减平缓合理，且水流回流区较少时，有利于提升鱼类的通过性能。研究结果可丰富了道设计理念和方法，为鱼道设计建造提高参考。

Optimization of internal structure for curved side wall vertical slot fishway pool chamber

To improve the fish passage efficiency of fishways, this study added internal structures to the curved sidewall vertical slot fishway, that is, arranging auxiliary fish passage devices on the inner wall and bottom plate of the fishway, and combined them into 6 different layout schemes. Each layout scheme was subjected to numerical simulation and model testing to explore the effect of different layout schemes on fish upstream behavior. The results showed that the success rates of upstream migration for specific combinations of barriers in schemes 1, 2, and 3 were 36.7%, 43.3%, and 73.3%, respectively. Because scheme 1 set up more barriers, the flow velocity in the mainstream decreased rapidly and more vortex-like flows caused the test fish to be unable to identify the upstream direction. The flow velocity in the downstream half of the mainstream was too low, making it difficult for fish to ascend. In scheme 2, which removed a group of barriers perpendicular to the direction of flow, the mainstream flow was connected from top to bottom, significantly improving fish upstream migration. The scheme 3 with central connection and only one group of barriers on the side wall had the highest success rate for fish upstream migration. The wide distribution of mainstream flow velocity and large flow velocity differentiation provided more selective areas for fish with different physical abilities, thus improving the effect of fish upstream migration. The circular columns had a hindering and disturbing effect on the flow in the tank chamber, which manifested as changing the mainstream flow path and flow velocity distribution. While reducing upstream flow velocity, it also increased mainstream branches to reduce the difficulty for test fish to find the correct path. Reducing the maximum mainstream flow velocity helped test fish ascend better, and a certain amount of re-circulation zones were also maintained to ensure rest for upstream fish. The introduction of different combinations of straight circular columns on the basis of scheme 3 further improved the effect of fish upstream migration, forming schemes 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding success rates for upstream migration were 56.7%, 73.3%, and 90%, respectively. In scheme 4, the internal disturbance effect in the area composed of internal barriers was significant, resulting in a narrower middle mainstream width and lower flow velocity than on both sides. The flow velocity in the tail of the tank chamber was low, which was not conducive to inducing fish upstream migration. In scheme 5, the width of the middle mainstream increased, while the flow velocity in both sides decreased. The lower flow velocity and longer distribution distance in the higher flow velocity area promoted fish upstream migration while reducing their swimming difficulty. In scheme 6 with a cylindrical diameter that was one-half of the inlet width of the tank chamber, the success rate for test fish upstream migration was highest. The middle mainstream flow velocity increased in the tank chamber, and the mainstream became clearer and filled with internal barriers. There was a phenomenon of diffusion from the middle mainstream to both sides, which increased the width of mainstream distribution and was conducive to fish upstream migration，It can be used as a recommended solution, and it is found that fish swimming will roughly follow the mainstream upstream, providing multiple mainstream flow paths for fish. When the flow velocity discrimination is large, the attenuation of mainstream flow velocity is reasonable, and the flow pattern with fewer backflow zones can improve the passability of fish.