7种特种动物纤维的性质·特点和微观结构观察

[目的]研究绵羊毛与特种动物纤维的性质、特点及其超微结构。[方法]以绵羊毛、山羊绒、羊驼毛、骆驼毛、兔毛、马海毛、牦牛毛为试验材料,利用扫描电镜法观察其鳞片结构。[结果]绵羊毛翘角大,平均值为33.2°,鳞片密度在16.2～34.9个/mm,鳞片平均高度为12.95μm,平均厚度为0.63μm;山羊绒翘角较羊毛小,平均值为20.6°,鳞片密度在10.3～15.6个/mm,鳞片间距大,平均高度为16.09μm,平均厚度为0.46μm;羊驼毛翘角平均值为34.6°,鳞片平均高度为5.85μm,平均厚度为0.33μm;骆驼毛翘角平均值为33.5°,鳞片平均高度为11.30μm,平均厚度为0.37μm;兔毛翘角平均值为31.2°,鳞片平均高度为7.03μm,平均厚度为0.36μm;马海毛翘角介于羊毛和羊绒之间,平均值为23.7°,鳞片密度也介于羊毛和羊绒之间,鳞片平均高度为15.82μm,平均厚度为0.61μm;牦牛毛翘角平均值为33.2°,鳞片平均高度为9.08μm,平均厚度为0.46μm。[结论]该研究结果为鉴别不同纤维种类奠定了基础。

Nature, Characteristics and Ultrastructure Observation of Fibers of Several Kinds of Special Animals

[Objective] Aimed to study the nature,characteristics and ultrastructure of fibers of Ovis aries and several kinds of special animals.[Method] Wool,cashmere,alpaca,bactrian camel hairs,rabbit hair,mohair and yak hair were used as the experimental materials,and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe their scale structure.[Result] The rake angle of wool was large with an average of 33.2°,the scale density was of 16.2-34.9 scales/mm,the average height of scale was 12.95 μm,and the average thickness was 0.63 μm;the rake angle of cashmere was smaller than wool with an average of 20.6°,the scale density was of 10.3-15.6 scales/mm,the scale distance was large,the average height of scale was 16.09 μm,and the average thickness was 0.46 μm;the average rake angle of alpaca was 34.6°,with the average scale height of 5.85 μm,and average thickness of 0.33 μm;the average rake angle of camel hair was 33.5°,with the average scale height of 11.30 μm and average thickness of 0.37 μm;the average rake angle of rabbit hair was 31.2°,with the average scale height of 7.03 μm and average thickness of 0.36 μm;the rake angle value of mohair was between wool and cashmere,and the average of which was 23.7,the scale density value was also between the wool and cashmere,with the average scale height of 15.82 μm and average thickness of 0.61 μm;the average rake angle of yak hair was 33.2°,with the average height of 9.08 μm and average thickness of 0.46 μm.[Conclusion] The results of this study could provide a basis for the identification of different fiber types.