种植方式对盐碱地花生生长发育及产量的影响

在中度盐碱地上进行大田试验，选用3个耐盐能力不同的花生品种（系），采用垄作覆膜和沟作覆膜2种种植方式，探讨盐碱地花生种植方式对不同品种（系）生长发育和产量的影响，提高盐碱地花生产量。结果表明，不同耐盐能力花生品种（系）主茎高和侧枝长自花针期至成熟期均表现为垄作覆膜种植方式高于沟作覆膜方式；叶片、茎（叶柄）和地上部干物质积累均可用Logistic生长曲线很好的拟合，各相关系数均达显著或极显著水平，最大R2为0.9976。垄作覆膜方式可使耐盐品种（系）叶片和茎（叶柄）的最大生长速率(Vm)分别提高27.54%~41.04%和12.2%~40.06%，叶片最大生长速率出现的时间(Tm)延长2.3~3.3天，茎和叶柄最大生长速率出现的时间(Tm)提前1天左右；使盐敏感品种叶片Vm降低25.71%，叶片Tm提前1.4天，茎和叶柄Tm推迟1.2天。各品种（系）在2种种植方式下的叶面积指数(LAI)高峰均出现在结荚期，耐盐品种‘白沙1016’在垄作覆膜方式下LAI最高达5.52，盐敏感品系HZ17最低仅为3.35。垄作覆膜方式下耐盐品种‘白沙1016’产量最高达3925.65kg/hm2，沟作覆膜方式下盐敏感品系HZ17最低，仅2486.7kg/hm2。耐盐品种‘白沙1016’更适合于盐碱地种植，并采取垄作覆膜的种植方式为佳。但品种自身耐盐能力较种植方式更显重要。

Effect of Planting Patterns on the Growth and Development and Yield of Saline-alkali Land Peanut

A field experiment in moderate saline-alkali land was conducted to examine the effect of planting patterns on the growth and development and yield of peanut plant. Three peanut cultivars (lines) with different salt tolerance were used as materials. Ridged bed with plastic film mulch and furrow with plastic film mulch were designed as two planting patterns. The results showed that the main stem height and the length of branches in all three peanut cultivars (lines) grown in ridged bed with plastic film mulch were higher than those in furrow with plastic film mulch from pegging stage to maturing stage. Leaf, stem (stalk) and the aboveground dry mass were perfectly simulated with logistic equation and all correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level, and the maximum R2 was 0.9976. The maximum growth rate (Vm) of leaves and stem (stalk) in salt-tolerant peanut cultivar grown in ridged bed increased up to 27.54%-41.04% and 12.2%-40.06%, respectively. The time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate of leaf postponed 2.3-3.3 days. For stem (stalk), the time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate occurred 1 day in advance. For salt sensitive cultivars grown in ridged bed, the Vm of leaves decreased 25.71%. The Tm of leaf occurred 1.4 day in advance and the Tm of stem (stalk) postponed 1.2 day. The peak of LAI of the three cultivars (lines) under two planting patterns occurred at the pod setting stage with salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’grown in ridged bed up to 5.52 and the lowest LAI of 3.35 in sensitive cultivar HZ17. The yield of salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’ under ridged bed was up to 3925.65 kg/hm2. The lowest yield was only 2486.7 kg/hm2 of salt-sensitive cultivar HZ17 under furrow. In conclusion, salt- tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’was more suitable for saline- alkali land cultivation with plastic film mulch on ridged bed. The salt tolerance ability of the cultivar was more important than the planting pattern.