榆林市规模化养猪场母猪繁殖性能探究

为指导榆林市规模化猪场母猪生产、提高母猪繁殖力水平，以榆林市一规模化养猪场为例，采用实地调查的方式，测定、统计该猪场繁殖母猪生产记录。对测定数据进行分析比较，得出比较系统的繁殖性能指标。结果表明：2013年母猪群情期受胎率、分娩率、平均窝总产仔数、平均窝产活仔数、产房成活率分别为86.47%、80.64%、9.80头、9.16头、61.90%。不同品种母猪繁殖性能不同，平均窝总产仔数、平均窝产活仔数、断奶仔猪数均以‘长白猪’最高，‘大白猪’次之，‘杜洛克’最低；‘长白猪’与‘杜洛克’的平均窝总产仔数和窝产活仔数差异显著(P<0.05)，与‘大白猪’差异不显著(P>0.05)；‘长白猪’断奶仔猪数与‘杜洛克’差异极显著(P<0.01)，与‘大白猪’差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同胎次母猪繁殖性能不同，平均窝总产仔数、平均窝产活仔数均以第3胎最多，第9胎最少，二者差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同月份母猪繁殖性能不同，平均窝总产仔数、平均窝产活仔数均以4月份最高，11月份最低，二者差异显著(P<0.05)；平均窝产健仔数以4、5月份最高，3月份最低，二者差异极显著(P<0.01)。该猪场母猪繁殖性能相对较低，母猪的品种、胎次、产仔月份、疾病均能影响其繁殖性能，其中以疾病对母猪繁殖性能的影响较大。

Analysis of Sow Reproductive Performance in a Large-scale Pig Farm in Yulin

To improve the sow reproductive performance, a large-scale pig farm in Yulin was taken as an example, reproductive records of breeding sows were measured and analyzed based on field survey. The measurement data were compared to get systematic reproductive index. The results showed that oestrus fecundation rate, parturition rate, average total number of piglet, average number of piglet born alive, survival rate in the delivery room were 86.47%, 80.64%, 9.80, 9.16, 61.90%, respectively, in 2013. Reproductive performance of different varieties showed differences. Average total number of piglets, average number of piglets born alive and the number of weaned piglets of ‘Landrace’ were all the highest, followed by that of ‘Large White’ and ‘Duroc’. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive of ‘Landrace’ showed significant differences from that of ‘Duroc’ (P<0.05), but no significant difference from that of ‘Large White’ (P>0.05). Number of weaned ‘Landrace’ showed significant differences from that of ‘Duroc’ (P<0.01), but showed no significant difference from that of ‘Large White’ (P>0.05). Reproductive performances in different parities were different. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive were the most in the third parity and were extremely and significantly different (P<0.01) from the ninth parity which had the least values. Reproductive performances were different in different months. Average total number of piglets and average number of piglets born alive were the highest in April and the lowest in November. Difference of the two index in the two months was significant (P<0.05). Average number of healthy piglet was the highest in April and May and was the lowest in March, and their difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). Reproductive performance of sows in the farm was relatively bad. Varity, parity, farrowing month and disease could affect reproductive performance. And the impact of disease was relative large.