泰国油茶引种试验初报

为了探明不同油茶物种在热带气候区的适应性,在泰国清迈省开展引种种植试验并进行了初步评价。结果表明,越南油茶和高州油茶在泰国清迈的适应性最好,不同地点引种的平均保存率分别达92.5%和92.7%,具有一定的推广应用前景;茶梨、宛田红花油茶、普通油茶的适应性居中,平均保存率分别为40.0%、66.7%和46.6%;广宁红花油茶、毛蕊红山茶、浙江红花油茶的适应性最差,不适于在热带地区种植。此外,在热带季风气候区,海拔高度是影响引种油茶树体生长的重要影响因素,不同海拔高度引种的油茶成活率、株高、地径以及冠幅、分枝情况差异明显,引种海拔越高,普通油茶、广宁红花油茶、毛蕊红山茶和茶梨的成活率也升高,低海拔地区引种的普通油茶、宛田红花油茶、毛蕊红山茶和茶梨冠幅则相对较小。本研究结果为热带地区油茶的推广应用提供了借鉴和指导。

Preliminary Report on Introduction Trial Plantation of Oil-tea Camellia in Thailand

To clarify the adaptability of different oil-tea camellia species in tropical area, the introduction of oil-tea camellia in Chiang Mai province of Thailand was conducted and preliminary evaluated. The results showed that the C. vietnamensis and C. gaucowensis were most adaptable and the average survival rate were 92.5% and 92.7% respectively, secondly were, C. octopetala, C. polyodonta and C. oleifera and their survival rate were 40.0%, 66.7% and 46.6%, respectively. The C. semiserrata, C. mairei and C. chekiangoleosa were not successful in Thailand and they can not be planted in tropical area. In addition, the elevation was an important factor which could affect the growth of oil-tea camellia in tropical area. The survival rate, height, ground diameter, canopy and branching were quite different in trial sites with different elevation and the survival rate of C. oleifera, C. mairei, C. octopetala and C. semiserrata were higher in high elevation trial sites. The canopy of C. oleifera, C. mairei, C. octopetala and C. polyodonta were smaller in lower elevation trial sites. This study provided guidance of oil-tea camellia application and plantation in tropical area.