2009年广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害调查与分析

2009年1～2月对广西武鸣、扶绥、桂平、武宣、象州等地的荔枝、龙眼果园寒冻害情况进行调查,以探讨广西荔枝、龙眼的冻害类型、受害程度及相关分级标准,为广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害预警及防治提供指导。结果表明,所调查荔枝、龙眼果园受害率从5.00%～100.00%不等,主要表现为叶片、枝条、顶芽及花穗等不同程度坏死干枯,甚至整株死亡,其中末次梢平均受害率为83.15%;根据叶片、末次梢、顶芽等受害表观症状,认定广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害等级多在0～2级之间,而个别地区的冻害等级则介于0～5级之间;低温霜冻是造成广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害的主要原因,但果园地形、地势、风向、管理水平及周围环境的影响也不容忽视。

Investigations on chilling and freezing injuries in litchi and longan in Guangxi

The present study was conducted to study the types and degrees of freezing injuries,and relative grade standard of litchi and longan,and to provide reference for the application of control measures for sustaining litchi and longan production in Guangxi.The chilling and freezing injuries were investigated in litchi and longan fruit trees of 5 orchards at different locations,viz.,Wuming,Fusui,Guiping,Wuxuan and Xiangzhou County in Guangxi during Jan.to Feb.,2009.The results showed that shoots,leaves,buds and inflorescences in observed trees were partially or completely injured or died.The percentage of injured trees ranged from 5.00-100.00%.The average percentage of injured shoots was 83.15%.According to the symptoms of injured leaves,buds and shoots,most of the observed trees were ranked on 0-2 grade scale,while longan trees in Shilong were ranked on 0-5 grade scale.Besides the chilling and freezing injuries,the other factors which impacted on yield were topography,wind direction,management practices and environmental conditions.