Evaluation of lipid spray beads for the delivery of water-soluble materials to a marine suspension-feeder, the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum (Deshayes 1853) |
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Authors: | BUCHAL,& LANGDON |
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Affiliation: | Oregon State University/Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Newport, OR, USA |
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Abstract: | We describe the development and evaluation of a new microparticle for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to suspension feeders. Spray beads successfully incorporated materials dissolved in an aqueous phase or as dry particulate, within a triacylglyceride bead composed of tripalmitin, 600 mg g−1 tripalmitin/400 mg g−1 triolein, or 600 mg g−1 tripalmitin/400 mg g−1 fish oil. Riboflavin was successfully incorporated (up to 44 mg g−1 lipid) and retained (up to 98% over 24 h in seawater) as dry particles in all three mixtures of lipid. Aqueous oxytetracycline hydrochloride or polymeric dye were incorporated (45.6 mg g−1 lipid and 18.1 mg g−1 lipid, respectively) and retained best (99% and 94%, respectively) in spray beads composed of tripalmitin. The addition of triolein or fish oil to the lipid bead reduced incorporation and retention efficiencies for aqueous core materials by up to 75%. Manila clam seed readily ingested and digested lipid microparticles, spray beads and lipid-walled microcapsules. Microparticles composed of tripalmitin were excreted with their payloads intact. Intact microparticles composed of 600 mg g−1 tripalmitin/400 mg g−1 fish oil were largely absent in faecal strands suggesting successful release and delivery of microparticle contents to clams. Spray beads composed of tripalmitin softened with 400 mg g−1 fish oil represent an effective microparticle type for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to aquatic suspension feeders. |
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Keywords: | microencapsulation microparticles nutrition spray beads Tapes philippinarum |
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