不同月份降雨量对套袋苹果黑点病的影响

为明确不同月份降雨量对套袋苹果黑点病的影响，以‘红富士’苹果树为试材，于2011、2012和2013年调查山东烟台、陕西白水、河南三门峡套袋苹果黑点病发病率，记录不同月份降雨量，通过统计分析不同月份降雨量对套袋苹果黑点病发病率的影响。结果表明：不同年份苹果黑点病发病率不同，2011年>2012年>2013年。3个地区苹果黑点病的平均发病率由东向西依次降低，具体表现为山东烟台>河南三门峡>陕西白水。1、4、5、7月的降雨量与苹果黑点病发病率成负相关，但是相关性均不显著(P>0.05)；而其他月份降雨量与苹果黑点病发病率成正相关，其中9月降雨量极显著地影响了苹果黑点病的发生，Pearson相关系数达0.861(P<0.01)。8月和9月平均降雨量与苹果黑点病发病率的Pearson相关系数达0.862(P<0.01)。1、7、10月降雨强度与苹果黑点病发病率成负相关，但是相关性均为不显著(P>0.05)；而其他月份的降雨强度均与苹果黑点病发病率成正相关，特别是6、8、9月这3个月降雨强度与苹果黑点病发病率的Pearson相关性均为显著(P<0.01)。其中8、9月平均降雨强度对苹果黑点病发病率的Pearson相关系数达0.907(P<0.01)。以上结果表明，8、9月降雨量和降雨强度与苹果黑点病发病率密切正相关，由此推断8、9月是防治苹果黑点病的关键时期。

Effects of Rainfall in Different Months on Bagged Apple Black-rot Disease

In order to elucidate the effects of rainfall in different months on bagged apple black-rot disease, we studied the incidence of‘Red Fuji’apple black-rot disease in Yantai Shandong, Baishui Shanxi and Sanmenxia Henan in 2011, 2012, 2013. The results showed that the incidence of bagged apple black-rot disease varied in different years. It was the highest in 2011 and the lowest in 2013. The incidence of apple black-rot disease also varied in different areas. It showed that disease incidence gradually reduced from east to west and followed this order: Yantai Shandong > Baishui Shanxi > Sanmenxia Henan. The rainfall in January, April, May and July had negative correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease, but the correlations were not significant. The rainfall in other months had positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. Especially in September the rainfall significantly affected the incidence of apple black-rot disease, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.861(P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient of average rainfall of August and September and the incidence of apple black-rot disease was 0.862(P<0.01). The rainfall intensity in January, July and October had negative correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. However，there was no associated significance. Rainfall intensity in other months had positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. In June, August and September, the rainfall intensity significantly affected the incidence of apple black-rot disease (P<0.01). Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient of average rainfall intensity of August and September and the incidence of apple black-rot disease was 0.907(P<0.01). So the rainfall and rainfall intensity both have significant positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease in August and September, which were the critical period of the apple black-rot disease control.