Effects of three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: I. Characterization of secondary metabolites in culture media and host responses to the pathogens in calli |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France;2. INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France;3. Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, EA 4707, F-51687 Reims, France;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136‐703, Republic of Korea;2. Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea;3. Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Republic of Korea;1. Wageningen University, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;5. Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) and Togninia minima (Tmi) produced scytalone, isosclerone and pullulans in liquid cultures, as well as in calli. Secondary metabolites and host defense compounds were shown to occur in calli of Vitis vinifera cv. Italia and cv. Matilde infected by the esca-associated fungi Pch, Tmi and Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fme). Calli of both cvs. were grown as dual cultures with Pch, Tmi and Fme. The fungi grew well in the presence of calli of both cvs., but callus growth was reduced. Accumulation and changes of total phenolics and recurring phenolics, and of two phytotoxic pentaketides and pullulans were analyzed by HPLC. On comparing results for cv. Italia and cv. Matilde, it can be seen that concentrations of phenolics are strongly related to the cv. The paper discusses the possible relationship between melanin biosynthesis in Pch and Tmi, which utilize pentaketide metabolites as intermediates and their pathogenicity related to phytotoxity of scytalone and isosclerone. |
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