Functional diversity of external hyphae of AM fungi: Ability to colonise new hosts is influenced by fungal species,distance and soil conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Soil and Land Systems, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, 5005, Australia;2. Centre for Soil–Plant Interactions, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, 5005, Australia;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;2. Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;1. CNRS, UMR 6553 Ecobio, Université Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France;2. CNRS, UMR 6554 LETG, Université Rennes 2, Campus de Villejean, 35043 Rennes, France;1. Department of Geography, University Toulouse II, GEODE UMR 5602 CNRS, France;2. Institut d''Etudes Politiques (IEP), Toulouse, France;3. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Vientiane, Lao People''s Democratic Republic;4. National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI), Vientiane, Lao People''s Democratic Republic;5. Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563 CNRS, France;1. Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan;2. Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8505, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of soil conditions and distance from a host plant on the ability of hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to grow and colonise a new host. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted using compartmented pots. The first investigated the effects of distance between a colonised and uncolonised host plant (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and average pore size of the growth substrate (100 μm, 38 μm) on the ability of two AM fungi, G. intraradices and G. mosseae, to colonise a new host plant. The second experiment determined if the pore size of the substrate (100 μm, 38 μm) affected the growth of AM fungi in the absence of a new host. In Experiment 1, both G. mosseae and G. intraradices grew successfully through the two sand substrates and colonised new host plants. Both fungi reached and colonised new hosts fastest when hosts were separated by the shortest distance (2.5 cm), with largest pore size substrate (100 μm). G. mosseae produced more external hyphae per unit of colonised root and colonised new host plants more rapidly than G. intraradices. However, receiver plants colonised by G. mosseae exhibited a negative mycorrhizal growth response following colonisation. Experiment 2 showed that G. mosseae grew further from its host than G. intraradices. The results support the theory that some AM fungal species may produce large amounts of external hyphae primarily to increase the probability of locating and colonising a new host plant. |
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