Control of blue mold of apple by combining controlled atmosphere,an antagonist mixture,and sodium bicarbonate |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States;2. Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States;3. Biometrical Consulting Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States;1. Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;2. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy;1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico;2. Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Republica, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay;3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Campus Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91090, Mexico;4. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico;1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA;2. Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | ‘Golden Delicious’ apples were wound-inoculated with Penicillium expansum and treated with various combinations of sodium bicarbonate and two antagonists (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus laurentii), and then stored in air or controlled atmosphere (CA = 1.4 kPa O2 and 3 kPa CO2) for 2 or 4 months at 1 °C. The antagonists survived and their populations increased during both air and CA storage. The antagonists alone reduced blue mold but were more effective when combined. Sodium bicarbonate tended to reduce lesion size when used with these antagonist, either when they were used alone or combined. Storage under CA conditions also increased the effectiveness of both antagonist, when used alone or in combination. The only treatment that completely eliminated P. expansum-incited decay was the combination of the two antagonists and sodium bicarbonate on fruit stored under CA conditions. The proper combination of alternative control measures can provide commercially acceptable long-term control of fruit decay and could help reduce our dependency on fungicides. |
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