油料作物种子中神经酸含量提升研究进展

神经酸（NA）是一种超长链单不饱和脂肪酸，为大脑神经纤维髓鞘的核心成分，具有修复受损大脑神经纤维、促进神经细胞再生等功能。因此，NA受到越来越多的研究和关注。目前NA主要依赖于从天然物种中提取，难以满足市场需要，限制其进一步发展和应用。近年来，随着基因工程以及合成生物学的发展，通过多基因策略，在现有物种中构建NA代谢路径，可经济且可持续地获得NA，以满足营养、制药和化学工业等领域的需求。本文综述了NA的生物功能、生物来源、合成途径，并比较了基因工程生产NA各底盘的优劣，进一步探讨了十字花科油料作物底盘生产富含NA种子油的影响因素，以期为将来通过转基因技术和分子育种调控NA的生产，获得可再生的NA资源提供一定的思路和策略。

Progress on improving content of nervonic acid in seeds of cruciferous oil crops

Neuronic acid （NA） is an ultra-long chain monounsaturated fatty acid，a core component of the myelin sheath of brain nerve fibers，with functions including repairing damaged brain nerve fibers and promoting regeneration of nerve cell.Therefore，more and more studies are focusing on NA.At present，NA mainly relies on extraction from natural species，which is difficult to meet market needs and limits its further development and application.In recent years，with the development of genetic engineering and synthetic biology，constructing NA metabolic pathways in existing species through multi-gene strategies can economically and sustainably obtain NA to meet the needs of fields such as nutrition，pharmaceuticals，and chemical industries.This article reviewed the biological functions，biological sources，and synthetic pathways of NA.The advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering production of NA chassis were compared.The influencing factors of producing NA-rich seed oil using cruciferous oil crops as the chassis were further explored.It will provide some ideas and strategies for regulating NA production and obtaining renewable NA resources in the future through transgenic technology and molecular breeding.