Response of microbial communities to different doses of chromate in soil microcosms |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie - Sez. Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;1. School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China;2. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China;1. School of Metallurgical & Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. College of Environment & Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;3. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China;4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Technology, Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410083, China;1. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China;2. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, 410083 Changsha, China;3. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China;1. CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Crust—Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;3. Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research and Technology, USTC-CityU, Suzhou 215123, China |
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| Abstract: | The toxic effect of chromate on soil microbial communities is not well documented, although microorganisms control biogeochemical cycling, contribute to formation of soil structure, regulate the fate of organic matter applied to soil. In this study the effects of short- and middle-term chromate on the soil microbial community were investigated. The shifts in the size and in the diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacterial community, the resistance to Cr(VI) of heterotrophic bacteria, the presence of cyanobacteria, the activity of 19 enzymes, and the ATP content were monitored over time (120 days) in soil microcosms artificially contaminated with three concentrations of chromate (50, 250 and 1000 mg kg−1 soil). The chromate contamination affected the structure and the diversity of the soil bacterial community. Bacterial strains isolated from the microcosm contaminated with the highest concentration of chromate were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. All isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, were able to reduce Cr(VI), and showed a high resistance to chromate. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows Pseudomonas strains having the capability to resist up to 40 mM of Cr(VI) on minimal medium. The cyanobacterial group was more sensitive to chromate contamination than culturable heterotrophic bacteria. No cyanobacterial growth was detected in enrichment cultures from the soil polluted with the highest chromate concentration. Some enzymes were inhibited by high concentrations of chromate, whereas others were stimulated. The ATP content in microcosms was strongly affected by chromate. We conclude that the soil microbial community responds to chromate pollution through changes in community structure, in metabolic activity, and in selection for Cr(VI)-resistance. |
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