黑水虻幼虫的营养特性及其在水产饲料中的应用进展

黑水虻为一种腐食性昆虫，其幼虫具有食性广、繁殖力强以及营养物质丰富且均衡等特点，被认为是极具潜力的新型饲料蛋白质源，在水产动物生产中具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了黑水虻幼虫的主要营养成分和生物活性成分，及其在草食性、杂食性、 肉食性、甲壳动物和两栖爬行动物等不同水产养殖品种饲料中的应用研究进展，总结了不同水产动物饲料中黑水虻幼虫的最适用量，探讨了黑水虻幼虫作为水产饲料中可持续蛋白源的可行性及在实际应用过程中存在的问题及挑战，以期为黑水虻的开发利用及其在水产动物中的机制性研究提供依据和参考。

Progress on nutritional characteristics of black soldier fly larvae and its application in aquatic feeds

Aquaculture is one of the most important ways of providing aquatic products， and the aquafeeds， especially for carnivorous aquatic animals， requires large amounts of fishmeal. To date， fishmeal has been recognized as the best source of protein in aquafeeds in terms of nutritional quality. However， with overfishing， anthropogenic activities and extreme weather， the production of major fish species that provide fishmeal has been decreasing globally year by year， leading to fishmeal shortage and price increase， and thus there is an urgent need for the aquaculture industry to seek for high quality alternative protein sources to fishmeal in order to achieve its sustainable development. Aquaculture is one of the most important ways of providing aquatic products. The aquatic feeds especially for carnivorous aquatic animals require large amounts of fishmeal. To date， fishmeal has been recognized as the best sources of protein in aquatic feeds in terms of nutritional quality. However， the production of major fish species that provide fishmeal has been decreasing globally year by year with overfishing， anthropogenic activities and extreme weather， leading to the shortage of fishmeal and the increase of its price， and thus there is an urgent need to seek the alternative sources of protein with high quality as fishmeal to achieve the sustainable development of aquaculture industry. Black soldier fly （BSF， Hermetia illucens） is a saprophytic insect， and its larvae have characteristics including wide feeding habits， strong reproductive ability， and rich and balanced nutrients. It is considered as a highly potential and new sources of feed protein and has broad prospects of application in the production of aquatic animals. This article reviewed the main nutritional and bioactive components of BSF larvae， as well as progress on their application in feeds for different aquaculture species such as herbivorous， omnivorous， carnivorous， crustacean， and amphibian reptiles. The optimal amount of BSF larvae in different aquatic feeds was summarized. The feasibility of using BSF larvae as a sustainable source of protein in aquatic feeds was explored. The problems and challenges in its practical application were analyzed. It will provide a basis and reference for developing and utilizing black soldier fly and studying its mechanism in aquatic animals.