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Congenital malformations of the external and middle ear accompanied by temporal bone anomaly in a calf
Authors:Naoyuki AIHARA  Anna MOMOKI  Nanase HATTORI  Hironobu MURAKAMI  Motoharu OISHI  Yoshiaki GOTO  Reiichiro SATO  Makoto NAGAI  Kazutaka YAMADA  Junichi KAMIIE
Abstract:A 7-month-old female Holstein calf presented with bilateral microtia and absent external acoustic meatus. The real-time polymerase chain reaction test was negative for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine leukemia virus. The calf’s dam had a normal reproductive history. Computed tomography confirmed bilateral atresia of external auditory canals, aplasia of tympanic cavities and the ossicular chain, and temporomandibular joint abnormality. Necropsy revealed a severe malformation of the temporal bone. In the tympanic region, the external acoustic pore, tympanic bulla, and muscular process were absent bilaterally. The bilateral inner ear structure was normal. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the present case as congenital malformations of the external and middle ear accompanied by temporal bone anomaly.
Keywords:calf  conductive hearing loss  congenital ear malformation  temporal bone anomaly
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