山椒芽营养评价与产量估测研究

为评价山椒(Zhanthoxytum piperitum DC)芽营养价值并估测单株产芽量,测定了不同发育程度的朝仓山椒和花山椒的单芽(枝芽)量、单重、含水率、蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素和Ca、Fe、P等矿质元素的动态变化,利用基径、树高、冠幅等形指指标建立了相关模型。结果表明:山椒芽是一种优良的木本蔬菜,粗蛋白含量为27.6%~35.3%,粗脂肪1.29%~1.96%,氨基酸25.25%~27.09%,显著高于香椿芽;Ca含量为香椿的6.25~8.54倍,Fe含量为香椿的1.89~2.79倍,P含量为香椿芽的4.15~5.31倍。随椒芽的生长发育,单芽生物量显著增加,蛋白质、脂肪逐渐下降,纤维含量稳定增加。综合营养成分变化和生物产量积累,采收时间可控制在椒芽长度7~10 cm时。椒芽产量与树体主要形体指标均具有紧密的相关关系,所建估测模型均达到极显著水平,可用于指导芽用山椒园的生产管理。

Analysis of nutrition and yield estimation of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC buds

To evaluate and manage Zanthoxylum piperitum DC as woody vegetable,the contents of protein and amino acids,fat,fiber,total carbohydrate and mineral elements of Z.piperitum DC buds,and regression simulation of yield were studied.As a kind of superior woody vegetable,the contents of protein,amino acids and fat were 27.6%-35.3%,25.25%-27.09% and 1.29%-1.96% of dry matter,respectively,much higher than that of Toona sinensis,a common woody vegetable consumed by Chinese.The contents of Ca,Fe and P of Z.piperitum DC buds were 6.25-8.54,1.89-2.79 and 4.15-5.31 times of that of T.sinensis.The contents of protein and fat decreased,while the fiber did not,following the bud extension.The suggested time of buds harvest was that when buds extended to 7-10 cm while considering nutrient content and yield synthetically.The results also showed that bud yield and basal diameter,height and crown diameter of plants were closely related.A series of regression models for buds crop prediction on the basis of basal diameter,height and crown diameter,respectively,were established.