稻瘟病圃中水稻品系的抗瘟性评价与育种利用

在20世纪80年代抗病育种的基础上,从1994~2003年采用人工辅助接种、自然发病的方法对12151份次水稻材料在病圃中的稻瘟病抗性进行了监测。结果表明,10年共计有4933份次叶瘟表现抗病,7103份次表现为感病,分别占总份次的40.60%和58.46%;有4071份次颈瘟表现抗病,7965份次表现为感病,分别占总份次的33.50%和65.55%。有9034份次的材料叶瘟颈瘟表现一致,占总份次的74.35%,其中叶瘟感病颈瘟也感病的材料份次是叶瘟抗病颈瘟也抗病材料的两倍;叶瘟颈瘟表现不一致的材料有3002份次,占总份次的24.71%,其中叶瘟感病而颈瘟抗病的材料份次多于叶瘟抗病而颈瘟感病的材料份次。利用早期筛选的抗源,选育了抗病优良籼型杂交稻恢复系6326、蜀恢162、蜀恢527等。对稻瘟病抗病育种和抗病品种的合理利用等问题也进行了讨论。

Resistance Evaluation and Breeding of Rice Varieties (Lines) to Rice Blast in Nursery

Based on the fruit of resistance breeding to rice blast in 1980' s, 12151 rice varieties/lines had been screened for blast resistance in the typical blast nursery by field resistance test with inoculation mixture of Magnaporthe grisea races from 1994 to 2003. It was indicated that 4933 lines were resistant to leaf blast and 7103 lines were sensitive to leaf blast, accounting to 40.60% and 58.46%, respectively. To neck blast, there were 4071 resistant lines and 7965 sensitive lines, accounting for 33.50% and 65.55%, respectively. The leaf blast performance of 9034 lines was consistent with their neck blast performance. Lines resistant to both leaf blast and neck blast were half of lines sensitive to both leaf blast and neck blast. The leaf blast performance of 3002 lines was inconsistent with their neck blast performance. Lines that were sensitive to leaf blast and resistant to neck blast were more than those resistant to leaf blast and sensitive to neck blast. The elite indica restore such as 6326, Shuhui162 and Shuhui527 were bred with the resistant blast resources. Some topics on resistant rice blast breeding and making use of resistant cultivars logically were also discussed.