应用组织染色法研究硼胁迫对西瓜叶片的生理伤害

为了研究硼胁迫对西瓜叶片的生理伤害，笔者以籽瓜、‘黑美人’西瓜和野生西瓜为材料，设4 个硼浓度，应用组织染色法观察3 种类型西瓜O2 · ?、H2O2积累量、POD活性及死亡细胞数量。结果表明：3种类型西瓜叶片的O2 ·?和H2O2积累量在硼胁迫下均显著提高，POD活性上升，死亡细胞数量明显增加，且高硼胁迫的西瓜O2 ·?、H2O2积累量和死亡细胞数量都大于缺硼胁迫，野生西瓜活性氧清除能力强于其他2 种类型西瓜。硼胁迫导致西瓜叶片的活性氧大量积累，抗氧化酶活性增强，细胞大量非正常死亡，高硼胁迫的生理伤害大于缺硼胁迫。野生西瓜在胁迫下的抗逆性最强。组织染色法准确、直观，可应用于西瓜等植物的逆境生理研究。

Study on Physiological Injury of Watermelon Leaves Under Boron Stress by Histological Stain Method

In order to study the physiological injury to watermelon leaves caused by boron stress, seed-used watermelon, watermelon cultivar‘Heimeiren’and wild watermelon were used to observe the activities of POD, the content of ROC (O2·? and H2O2) and dead cells under 4 boron concentrations by histological stain method. The results showed that there were lots of ROC and dead cells, the activities of POD increased in watermelon leaves under boron stress. The high boron stress led to more ROC and dead cells in the leaves of the three watermelon cultivars. The scavenging reactive oxygen species of wild watermelon was stronger than that of the other two watermelon cultivars. Boron stress led to the active oxygen accumulation in watermelon leaves, the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased and a large number of cells died. The physiological injury to watermelon leaves caused by high boron stress was more serious than that caused by boron deficiency. Stress resistance of wild watermelon was the strongest. Histological stain method is accurate, intuitive, and can be used in the stress physiology research on plants such as watermelon.