Complementarity of bioassays and microbial activity measurements for the evaluation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils quality |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement, E.N.T.P.E., Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France;2. LAEPSI, INSA de Lyon, 20 bd A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;2. Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;3. Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Laboratory of Biological Research, Al. Gen A. Chruściela 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland;4. Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dies, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 55, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;5. Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Environmental Health Science, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;6. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;7. Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, 83-210 Zblewo, Poland;1. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA;2. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In order to describe a soil polluted with hydrocarbons, the complementarity of bioassays and microbial activities measurements was studied. The samples of soil were taken from a site which had received oil tank residues over 50 years. Five zones were sampled. Each sample was characterized by chemical analyses, the measurement of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, hydrolysis of FDA and urease activities, soil respiration, and Microtox and Metplate bioassays. The chemical analyses revealed different levels of total hydrocarbon concentrations (from 1.5 to 78.8 mg/kg of dry soil) but also relatively high quantities of nickel (from 14.5 to 841.6 mg/kg of dry soil) and lead (30.9–355.4 mg/kg of dry soil) or cadmium (0–1.2 mg/kg of dry soil) in the different zones. Urease and dehydrogenase were sensitive to the presence of metals (31% inhibition of urease and 50% inhibition of dehydrogenase in the most contaminated soil). Measurements of Substrate Induced Respiration showed that the soil microflora were stressed in the presence of the pollutants. In the zone containing the highest concentration of metals, the microbial activities were low and the bioassays revealed a high potential toxicity (e.g. IC50 for Microtox obtained with a 15% dilution of soil, 90% inhibition of β-galactosidase activity). In the other zones, the soil microbial activities were not depressed in comparison to the reference zone whereas the bioassays revealed the presence of toxic compounds extracted with the solvent used. |
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