大连森林动物园散放区草食动物混养现状及模式初探

通过2004～2009年大连森林动物园的数据调查,从食物的营养价值,环境的丰富度,种群密度三个角度入手,针对大连森林动物园散放区草食动物在半散放混养条件下饲养繁殖及动物群体管理进行浅析,分析其驯养繁殖管理方案的优势,并从可持续利用的自然小生境角度出发,对建立稳定的动物关系群体提出建议。通过分析显示非洲的斑马,澳洲的羊驼,我国西北的岩羊比较适合大连的气候及混养的这种模式,种群数量逐年递增,繁殖状况良好,死亡率也比较低,尤其是岩羊,由于其善攀援跳跃,活动范围广,种群发展最好。长颈鹿,黑斑羚和跳羚适应能力较差,尤其是黑斑羚和跳羚,性情机警,敏感,应激反应强烈,引进后种群数量逐年递减,不适应此混养模式。作为东北地区物种的马鹿和梅花鹿,其种群情况也堪忧。鉴于这种情况,应从饲料营养和引种两方面加以改进以达到增加其种群数量的目的。

Polyculture Status and Model Exploration of Herbivores at Dalian Forest Zoo

From 2004 to 2009, we studied the breeding condition and population management of herbivores at Dalian Forest Zoo. We evaluated the nutritional value of the diet provided to captive herbivores, environmental richness of enclosures, and herbivore population densities. We assessed advantages of the captive breeding management methods. From the viewpoint of sus- tainable use of natural niches, we made recommendations to minimize interspecific interactions that could lead to injury, loss of health, or reduced reproductive fitness of captive herbivores. Annual population increase and low mortality were documentedfor African zebra （ Equus burcheUi） , Australia alpaca （ Lama guanicoe ） , and blue sheep （ Pseudois nayaur ） from northwestern China. These species appeared to be well suited to the climate of Dalian and the polycuhure model. Blue sheep displayed a particularly broad range of activities. Giraffe （ Giraffa camelopardalis ） , impala （ Aepyceros melampus ） and springbok（Antidorcas marsupialis） adapted slowly to captivity. In particular the impala and the springbok were not suited to polycuhure because they are temperamental, often on alert, sensitive, and respond strongly to stress because they didnl live in herds in open country in the wild. Impala and springbok populations declined annually after introduction. Species from northeast China such as red deer and sika deer are also experiencing population declines. So we should improve both reintroduction and nutrition to achieve the goal of increasing their populations.