集体林权制度改革对四川岷山山系大熊猫栖息地的影响与对策

四川北部的岷山山系是中国野生大熊猫最主要的活动区域。调查表明,四川岷山山系12个县市有森林面积21659．6km^2,其中集体林面积10500km^2;大熊猫栖息地总面积851824．0hm^2,建有22个保护区,共有528888hm^2的大熊猫栖息地和400只野生大熊猫在保护区内得到了有效保护;集体林大熊猫栖息地面积达190064．6hm^2,占大熊猫栖息地的22．31％。集体林权制度改革加大了对大熊猫及其栖息地保护的难度。本文提出了要尽快制定《大熊猫保护法》;协调好跨区域大熊猫栖息地的保护;制定相关政策,采取置换、赎买、移民搬迁等方式,保护大熊猫及其栖息地;要落实相关政策,实施生态补偿;要发动社会力量采取建立保护小区、协议保护等参与大熊猫的保护;林下开发利用要避开大熊猫发情和孕育期,达到既有效保护大熊猫,又使林农生产生活得到可持续发展。

The Impact of Reform of the Collective Forest User - Rights System on Giant Panda Habitats in the Minshan Range of Sichuan Province and Proposals for Conservation Management

In northern Sichuan province,the Minshan range is the most important landscape for giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The forest area of Minshan is about 21 659.6 km located in 12 cities and towns.The collective forest area totals 10 500 km.The total area of giant panda habitat is about 8 518 km,with 22 nature reserves protecting an area of 5 289 km~2 of panda habitat.Around 400 giant pandas live in the wild.The collective forest area in giant panda habitat is about 1 901 km~2, accounting for 22.31%of the total panda habitat area.Reform of the collective forest user - rights system will increase the difficulty of conserving giant panda and its habitat.We propose promulgation of a new Law of Giant Panda Conservation as soon as possible together with coordinating transregional giant panda conservation.We advocate development of new policies to protect giant panda and its habitats through land management practices including replacement,redemption,and migration,and implementing these policies together with ecological compensation.We call on the power of society to establish conservation communities and undertake conservation contracts for giant panda conservation.We recommend banning forest use during periods of giant panda oestrus and breeding to achieve the goal of effective giant panda conservation and sustainable development in the production and lives of forest farmers.